Thursday, October 31, 2019

Does America Have a Foreign Policy by Mark Funkhouser Article

Does America Have a Foreign Policy by Mark Funkhouser - Article Example The fact that the governor intervened with a new solution that was appealing to the people was commendable, though it did not go down well with the Ferguson police department. However, it does point out that governance has to be approached from an open-minded perspective as Governor Jay Nixon did. Working solutions have to be implemented in the short-term period then seek long-term solutions later. Similarly, Feather O’Connor Houston believes that governance has to be approached with transparency and commitment to bring about the much-needed changes. She uses the example of the veteran’s healthcare issues that had not been addressed for a long time. She is right to insist that reforms in the public sector has to be approached with competence so that the results can be timely, convenient and of good high quality. In what appears to be a summary assessment on leadership, Michael Brenner explores the loop side of the Obama administration and ponders to ask whether America does have a foreign policy. The author argues that since Obama took over as the president, there has been no tangible evidence of American foreign policy. The author is right to observe that indecisiveness by the Obama administration on such matters are responsible for the rise of IS and Moscow’s interference on Kiev. Brenner is also right to observe that political advisors should be people with experience, not political campaigners as Obama may have done. Brenner, Michael (2014, October 13).

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Building Performance Management through Employee Participation Essay - 1

Building Performance Management through Employee Participation - Essay Example To ensure the employees are motivated and committed to achieving organizational goals and consequently success or effectiveness, performance management is crucial. Most people use the terms performance management and performance appraisal interchangeably but performance appraisal is just part of performance management aimed at ensuring that employees perform their jobs up to the expected standards. Since performance management involves ensuring the right employee behavior, employees’ participation in the process is key to effectiveness. Failure to involve employees in making decisions in issues that affect them may lead to negative results as illustrated in the Jewelers Mutual Insurance Company (JMI). These include poor job attitudes, reduced motivation, and reduced effort on the job (Mathis and Jackson 354). Employee participation is considered crucial in â€Å"determining whether specific performance management methods, procedures and requirements will be accepted and that they work effectively to support performance improvement† (OPM.gov). Employee dissatisfaction is as a result of not engaging employees in the process. Employees have different personalities and thus different opinions and perceptions. As such, seeking their opinion in issues that affect them ensures acceptability and commitment (Roberts 89). Consider JMI which a performance management in place but employees were dissatisfied with the way goal-directed behavior was being encouraged. If the organization had involved the employees in deciding on the goals to be accomplished and the expected performance standards, the employees would have been comfortable with the process since they are already aware of what is expected of them. Besides, Roberts asserts that if the employees are involved in setting standards and performance measures, they cannot perceive the process to be unfair (93). As such employee participation in the process leads to increased reliability, fairness and validi ty. He also asserts that since employees’ gain ownership of the process, they are committed to ensuring its success (89). Employee participation in designing the rating form makes it acceptable to the ratees hence minimizing conflicts between management and employees. After engaging employees in the performance management process, JMI was able to get commitment and support from employees and improved performance. This was through improvements to the system, that is, their views were incorporated during the redesigning process thus creating a system acceptable to all and which linked performance management to other human resource activities. This case is thus a good example of how employee participation enhances greater support for the system. The experience of JMI is also a lesson to other organizations on how performance management systems can be improved. One of the ways to improve the system is through continuous feedback. Some organizations hold review meetings annually t hus do not give employees frequent feedback. This is detrimental to the organization since an employee is unable to understand whether he or she is accomplishing what he/she set out to accomplish or make amendments and move in the right direction. As a result, the performance may not improve. For Roberts, job satisfaction and performance can be enhanced by use of a â€Å"specific, timely and behavioral feedback by a credible source† (93). Frequent feedback also allows redefining of goals and

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Timed Efficient Stream Loss-Tolerant Authentication (TESLA)

Timed Efficient Stream Loss-Tolerant Authentication (TESLA) When considered as a security solution for ADS-B, asymmetric-key encryption has two major drawbacks. The first issue is that current asymmetric-key schemes have no compact encryption implementations, and would result in an increase of the transmitted ADS-B message length. The second problem is that unique encrypted ADS-B messages would be required for each recipient. To maintain a fully-connected network of n nodes would necessitate (n2 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ n) unique broadcasts rather than n in the current system [15], which obviously does not scale well as the size of the network increases. As a possible answer to these two drawbacks, Costin et al. [3] have suggested what they term a lightweight PKI solution. In the lightweight PKI approach, node A transmits its digital signature over n messages, so that after every n messages, the surrounding nodes have received As digital signature. The recipients keep the messages until the entire digital signature has been transmitted and they can authenticate the buffered messages. The authors suggest that the PKI key distribution necessary for this scheme could be done during an aircrafts scheduled maintenance cycle [13]. A security scheme called Timed Efficient Stream Loss-Tolerant Authentication (TESLA) is a variation on traditional asymmetric cryptography that has been proposed for use on broadcast networks [19], [20]. With TESLA, senders retroactively publish their keys which are then used by receivers to authenticate the broadcast messages. A broadcasting node produces an encrypted message authentication code (MAC) which is included with every message. After a designated time interval or number of messages, the key to decrypt the senders MAC is published. Listening receivers who have buffered the senders previous messages can then decrypt the messages that were broadcast. When applied to ADS-B, this technique imposes a time delay on the broadcast due to the need to buffer messages, but it provides integrity and continuity of messages sent over the network. TESLA is an adaption of the TESLA protocol designed for use on wireless sensor networks. The TESLA protocol requires nodes in the network to be loosely time synchronized, with each node having an upper bound on the maximum clock synchronization error. As discussed earlier, asymmetric encryption schemes have high computation and communication overhead, which limit their usefulness as security approaches on the bandwidth-constrained ADS-B network. The TESLA protocol overcomes this problem by employing asymmetric-key encryption through a delayed disclosure of symmetric keys, which results in an efficient broadcast authentication scheme. When one considers the bandwidth and interference limitations on the ADS-B frequency channel, the TESLA design adaptations identify this protocol as a viable scheme for providing security in ADS-B. However, there are two obstacles to applying TESLA to ADS-B. The primary issue is that, while sufficiently good time synchronization could be provided via GPS, it would require modification to the protocol to accommodate the GPS timestamp field. The second problem is that in order for TESLA to be used for verifying the identity of a network node, it needs to be reinitialized which leaves it susceptible to memory- based DoS attacks. In spite of these drawbacks, TESLA is a promising security scheme for integrating into ADS-B. B. Aircraft Address Message Authentication Code The cryptographic solutions PKI and TESLA both have shortcomings in that they require modifications to the current ADS-B protocol. The Aircraft Address Message Authentication Code (AA-MAC) security solution utilizes a standard hash algorithm such as MD5 or SHA and a secret authentication key to perform message integrity [21]. The AA-MAC message source integrity scheme would require a slight modification to the existing protocol in that it would replace the current Aircraft Address (AA) field with the MAC, but the ADS-B message is otherwise unchanged. The AA-MAC approach proposes a different aircraft identification strategy, assigning a unique identifier to each aircraft that is good for the duration of a particular flight. As with PKI cryptographic approaches, the distribution of the secret key presents challenges for AA-MAC. Since MAC requires just one key which is used to uniquely identify a sender on the network, the simplest approach would be to distribute the secret key only whe n an aircraft intends to enter the air traffic control system and ADS-B network. The purpose here is to demonstrate a compatible security scheme that will mitigate threats posed by message injection and modification attacks, which are among the most critical vulnerabilities in the current ADS-B implementation. While AA-MAC does not provide data integrity, it is highly compatible with the existing 1090ES protocol and can be implemented at low cost relative to other security proposals, offering a feasible partial security solution for ADS-B. 4.1.2. Non-Cryptographic Schemes As we have seen, cryptographic security schemes are difficult to implement in a way that are not compatible with the existing infrastructure, primarily due to the problem of key distribution and management. Non-cryptographic approaches to network security avoid the challenge of key management and instead involve either some form of fingerprinting on the physical layer, or a frequency modulation scheme such as spread spectrum. A. Fingerprinting Schemes such as fingerprinting encompass various methods for authentication and identification, either based on hardware or software imperfections or characteristics of the frequency channel which are hard to replicate. Identifying signatures for legitimate nodes on the network provides data useful for the implementation of systems to detect network intrusions [22]. Software-Based Fingerprinting schemes attempt to isolate distinct characteristics of the software operating on network equipment. The development teams for different network equipment manufacturers often take widely varied paths when implementing software on a given device. These differences can be cataloged and later exploited to tell apart dissimilar network devices, and can be used to verify their continuity up to a certain degree. Hardware-Based Fingerprinting approaches seek to identify and catalog unique network hardware differences. Some of these differences can be used for radiometric fingerprinting, which takes advantage of differences in the modulation of a radio signal to catalog unique device signatures. Clock skew is another identifiable hardware feature that can be used to establish uniqueness between wireless devices. Since no two clocks are perfectly synchronized, time difference can be used to create signatures and enable identification. A third category of fingerprinting is Channel/Location-Based Fingerprinting. This fingerprinting method tries to exploit natural characteristics of the communications channel. Various approaches utilizing received signal strength (RSS), channel impulse response (CIR) and the carrier phase have shown that this can be a viable alternative to more traditional authentication and verification measures.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Research Methods Essay -- Mixed Research, Qualitative Method

Defining and Analyzing Mixed Method Johnson and Christensen (2007) describe mixed research as the third and newest research methodology paradigm. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question that is studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data, attempts to corroborate and complement findings and takes a balanced approach to research. Researchers used the term mixed method to refer to all procedures collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data in the context of a single study. According to Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004), some researchers have taken issue with the term mixed methods to describe research designs that consciously blend both approaches within or across the stages of the research process. Researchers seeking associations between primarily quantitative biophysical and primarily qualitative socio cultural data, including environmental and natural resource anthropologists can look to mixed method research designs for structured and tested integrative processes. Such designs have been used to augment traditional methods for assessing and monitoring the impacts of recreation and tourism on the physical environment (Mackay, 2004). Defining and Analyzing Qualitative Method On the other hand, Shank (2002) defines qualitative research as a form of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning. By systematic he means, planned, ordered, and public, following rules, agreed upon by members of the qualitative research community. By empirical, he means that thi... ...ompanying attributes of servant leader. Data Collection The self-assessment servant leadership instrument (SASL) will be converted from a master copy into SPSS 19 software a commercial server from which data will be analyzed. The researcher will use a conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership. Letters requesting permissions to conduct research will be sent to each Dean and Assistant Dean at each campus, as well as the Dean of Students. The letter will specify the research and emphasize that all participation will be selected voluntarily. Also, the individual responses will be anonymous and confidential. Concurrent mixed method data collection strategies will be employed to validate one form of data with the other to transform the data for comparison, or to address different types of questions (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Immortal Characteristics in the Iliad and the Aeneid Essay

Although written in two distinct eras, The Aeneid and The Iliad offer views of the Trojan War, which have been studied for centuries.   The Iliad, written by Homer in 750-650 BCE, portrays the tale from the Greek point of view.   Sometimes thought to have been a mythic person himself, the telling of The Iliad is attributed to him nonetheless.   The story, written originally in ancient Greek, speaks from an omniscient narrator who can share all details encountered in the main character, Achilles, involvement in the war. Achilles has refused to fight in retribution for Agamemnon stealing his war prize, Briseis.   The Aeneid, on the other hand, is known to have come from the Roman poet, Virgil.   Although the main character, Aeneas, tells portions of the story, Virgil himself narrates the majority of the tale.   Aeneas is traveling to Italy to build a race of Romans.   Juno, who is still angry with the Trojans, sets Aeneas off course and the story begins with a recounting of the war itself. In the way the tales themselves offer varying illuminations on the same setting in Greece, the Gods portrayed share differing characteristics.   In The Iliad, Zeus stands as the king of the Gods.   He refuses to take sides in this war of men, although his favor moves to the Trojan side after Achilles’ mother begs him to intervene.   We find Zeus bothered by the request.   He is involved with domestic disputes already with his wife, Hera, and is reluctant to do any further damage to his solitude.   â€Å"Here is trouble.   You drive me into open war with Hera sooner or later: she will be at me, scolding all day long. Even as matters stand she never rests from badgering me before the gods: I take the Trojan side in battle, so she says,† (Homer, I.593-599).   He does go on to promise he will do as she has asked, although the reader can sense his foreboding in doing so.   His foresight is strong though, as Hera’s reaction is as he said it would be – biting and harsh.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who is it this time, schemer?   Who has your ear?   How fond are you of secret plans, of taking decisions privately,† (Homer, I.620-622).   Zeus is portrayed as a beaten God, one who is verbally assaulted by his own wife and appears to be weary of her scorn. One can sense the laughter as the words are written, the hidden personalities that are so similar to common man. Jupiter, however, does not worry over what he will go through personally in order to grant the wish of the goddess who has appealed to him.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"With the serenity that calms the weather, and lightly kissed his daughter.   Then he said: No need to be afraid, Cytherea.   Your children’s destiny has not been changed,† (Virgil, I.345-348).   Jupiter has granted what she sought, and promises that her progeny will found the great kingdom of Rome, named after one of the twin sons to come from Aeneas.    The reader can already discern favoritism for the Romans by this issuance of Jupiter.   He is not a hen-pecked God as Zeus is, although Jupiter’s wife is not a timid creature.   Much like Hera, she is vastly upset and carried a grave distaste for the Trojans.   Jupiter, however, feels Juno will eventually relax.   â€Å"Juno, indeed, whose bitterness now fills with fear and torment sea and earth and sky, will mend her ways, and favor them as I do, Lords of the World, the toga-bearing Romans,† (Virgil, I.376-379). The reader gets the sense that the Greek Gods as told of by Homer are seen as folly.   Zeus is not the almighty master, as one would suspect the king of the Gods to be.   He is stuck between caring for his subjects, the minor Gods, and listening to the gripes and complaints of his wife, the telling is almost comical.   Virgil, however, tells the origination of a great race of people, his own Romans.   The Jupiter is patient and assured of the greatness to come.   His caring ways with his daughter and sincere belief that all will be as he said indicate his power and greatness, showing him to be a true King of the Gods. The physical separation between God and mortal man is great.   In the eleventh book of The Iliad, we find Zeus directly interfering with the battle on hand.   â€Å"Now Zeus, the son of Kronos roused an uproar along his host, and sprinkled bloody dew from highest heaven, being resolved that day to crowd great warriors in to the undergloom,† (Homer, XI,58-61).   The battle between Greek and Trojan forces allowed yet another display of Zeus’ great power over man. Zeus demonstrates this power while protecting Hector. â€Å"Hector moved forward with his round-faced shield.   As from night clouds a baleful summer star will blaze into the clear, then fade in cloud, so Hector shone in front or became hidden when he harangued the rear ranks – his whole form in bronze aflash like lightening of father Zeus,† (Homer, XI.67-72).   The soldiers recognize the ability of Hector to shadow himself as the protection of the Gods.   Zeus’ otherworldly display of power and support for the Trojan cause signifies the justness of their cause, yet as we already know, his might is not good enough.   Troy will lose the battle and the God is not all-powerful in the end. The Aeneid however, shows the true power and wisdom of Jupiter is not only just, but up to the task as well.   Aeneas will reach his destination, and Rome will become the great power it is meant to be.   Jupiter sees that Aeneas has fallen sedentary with his love for Dido and remains with her rather than fulfilling his duty as Jupiter told him.  Ã‚   The scourge of the earth is not brought down on his head to force him off the island.   The all-powerful Jupiter simply sends a messenger, Mercury.   â€Å"From bright Mount Olympus he that rules the Gods and turns the earth and heaven by his power – he and no other sent me to you, told me to bring this message on the running winds: what have you in mind?   †¦the land of Rome are due,† (Virgil, IV.365-375). Aeneas is reminded of his family fortune and honor, which are on the line.   True to his word and loyal to his God, Aeneas leaves Dido to fend for herself.   Her misery and subsequent suicide are not given any thought by Jupiter, the mission is at hand and the great Roman peoples are far more important than a single female.   â€Å"Beating her lovely breast three times, four times, and tearing her golden hair, ‘Oh Jupiter! †¦will this man go, will he have mocked my kingdom, stranger than he is and was,’† (Virgil, IV.816-820)?   Jupiter pays her no mind; the Roman Empire is at stake.   Again, it is in silent action, verbal mandates that Jupiter issues his power.   He is not forced to resort to mortal measures to ensure his will is done. Zeus is portrayed as the mover, the God who has to physically partake in things to get anything accomplished.   The stronger God of the two, Jupiter, simply asks and gets what he wants.   The fear of retribution is fierce amongst not only the people, but also the Gods.   He does not take pity on the fallen as Zeus does.   In terms of masculine strength, Jupiter is by far the strongest.   Of course, such an amazing group of warriors, philosophers and artisans could never have come from so slovenly a King as Zeus. As the war wages on in The Iliad, Zeus is once again shown to be a weaker form than the mighty Jupiter.   Achilles has lost his best friend, Patroclus, in battle. Heartbroken, he vows to return to the battle immediately to slay Hector in revenge.   Although Zeus has long since gone to help the Achaeans in fighting this war, â€Å"Zeus took pity on them, saying quickly to Athena: Daughter, you seem to have left your fighting man alone.   Should one suppose you care no more for Achilles?   The he sits, before the curving prows, and grieves for his dear friend. The other soldiers flock to meat; he thirsts and hungers.   Come, infuse him sweet nectar and ambrosia, that an empty belly may not weaken him,† (Homer, XIX.374-382). Athena then goes off to give the poor warriors some nourishment so they may fight bravely in their final battles.   His heart still belongs to the losing side.   We see his weakness again with the interference into the battle.   In calling the Gods to Mount Olympus, Zeus tells them, â€Å"You know what plan I have in mind and why I called you, why you are here. Men on both sides may perish, still they are near my heart.   And yet, by heaven, here I stay at ease upon a ridge.   I’ll have an ample view here.   But you others, go into action, side with the men of Troy or with Achaeans, as each has a mind to,† (Homer XX.22-29).   Zeus lazily tells the other Gods that the people are dying and it breaks his heart.   However, he will sit on the mountaintop and watch the spectacle.   They should go down and help whichever side they feel is just, but he will just watch.   Homer again makes fun of the God.   He is a couch potato during the war he was powerless to stop in the first place.   His wife is constantly meddling in the affairs of state, and Zeus will not step in to act according to his heart. Jupiter does not have this problem toward the end of The Aeneid.   When fighting has broken out in Italy and the great Romans are fighting amongst themselves, Jupiter is asked his opinion.   He responds in a regal and self-assured manner.   When he opens his mouth to speak, all of the earth responds in kind. â€Å"The almighty father then, chief power of the world, began to speak, and as he spoke the great halls of the Gods fell silent, and earth quaked, and silence reigned in the highest air, the west-winds went to rest, the deep sea stilled his waters to calm,† (Virgil, X.137-142).   He has decided that fate will serve each man his own plate.   Jupiter no longer condones divine intervention.   This surprises virtually everyone present, as they have interfered in these matters right from the start.   Yet, the King of the Gods has spoken and it cannot be any other way.   â€Å"He took oath nodding, making all Olympus tremble at his nod.   There was an end of speaking.   Jupiter form his golden throne arose, and lords of heaven on either hand escorted him to the threshold of his hall,† (Virgil, X.160-164). Although the King of the Gods in each depiction of the Trojan wars and its eventual outcomes acted in extremely different ways, the act remains that they were in control the entire time.   The main protagonists for each tale are not afforded this same luxury.   In The Iliad, Achilles never has control over his bloodlust for Agamemnon.   His search for glory and the switching of sides is beyond his control so to speak.   The usurping of his prize from the war damaged his pride and it is the sole driving force for him.   When his best friend is killed, he appears to have devised a higher purpose for his rage, yet the reader notes he is still guided for his own gratification throughout. Aeneas, blindly does as he is bid to do.   He leaves his heart behind when he leaves Dido on the island.   Jupiter is not concerned with the trivial matters before him, and concerns himself only with the Roman creation.   Aeneas cannot simply believe that Dido will eventually understand what he must do, unlike Jupiter feelings for Juno.   The foresight the Gods portray separate them greatly from humanity, making the people seem as though they are simply pieces of a chess game, there for the amusement of creatures bored with eternity. Although Homer pokes fun at the God from the past and uses the tale to tell of the heroism of the Greek people, he fails to place his own God at the forefront as a just and caring ruler.   Virgil at least shows the God of the Romans as one who delights in the magnificence of the race. Physically the gods are far superior to the men they control, but in the case of Zeus, he is far from being above the simple human frailty of emotion.   Homer instills a sense of commonality between the people and their God, one in which the playing field is an equal one.   The Gods are affected by this war almost as much as the people are.   When interfering in the matters of men, the Gods are shaken to the core in some instances, harmed in others, and heartbroken other times still. For Virgil, the people end on the positive note.   The great anti-hero is dead, and the true hero does not turn out to be Aeneas, but the Romans themselves.   The reader sees throughout the epic poem, that Virgil had them in mind all along.   The creation myth of the great empire seeks to solidify their place in the world and by showing that that creation came from a just and powerful authority – he accomplishes just that. Works Cited Homer.   The Iliad. Trs. Robert Fagles.   New York, NY: Penguin Classics, 1998. Virgil. The Aeneid. Trs. W.F. Jackson Knight. New York, NY: Penguin Classics, 2006.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Agony and the Ecstasy

The Agony and the Ecstasy The past is always forgotten, left alone in the dark, a reminiscence among hundreds, until it finally erodes from living memory†¦But before it vanishes, the past always fights back, in an effort to reclaim its throne. In 15th century Europe, the Church and its preachings of the past were swept away in a tide of change; the clash of these two ideas is shown in The Agony and the Ecstasy. Throughout the movie, Pope Julius II illustrates the values of the Middle Ages through his speech and actions, both of which reflect the ideologies of that time period.The twin values of obedience and punishment lie at the core of the Middle Ages, entwined and inseparable; both are exemplified in Pope Julius II’s actions and words. The Pope demonstrates the concept of obedience, treasured so deeply by the Church, through his actions following the noncompliance of subjects. One example of this is the Pope’s reaction to Michelangelo’s blasphemous sonnet ; he immediately rebukes him for his lapse in deference.The Pope’s demand of complete and utter submission to the Church demonstrate the emphasis on unquestioned obedience to the Pope (and likewise to the Church). Another instance is the Pope’s encounter with the French ambassador; the Pope angrily tells him that he will stand no interference from the French king in Church matters. The Pope’s harsh reprimand once again points to the importance of undisputed conformity to the Church’s words; it was a vital segment of their society .The Middle Ages was a time of fear and uncertainty, of conflict in discord; the Church was the backbone of Middle Ages’ society, and kept daily life running as smoothly as possible—but was successful only because the people obeyed. Without obedience, their lives would have come to sudden and abrupt halt. As a Greek playwright put it, â€Å"Obedience is the mother of success and is wedded to safety†. The Chur ch thought the same way, and for all the right reasons—it just held on to these beliefs too long. An equally important value Pope Julius II exhibits is that of punishment, often a result of disobedience, mostly in his speech.An illustration of this value is shown in the same encounter previously mentioned with the French ambassador; the Pope, angry at the French king’s hypocrisy and lack of respect for the Church, thundered, â€Å"Let him learn that I too carry a stick. Let him learn that I am the Pope! † Through his angry threat to the king, the Pope reveals to the ambassador and the viewer that he is not afraid to use force to establish his authority as pope. Furthermore, the Pope, when he hears that Michelangelo has disappeared, he is outraged, and maintains his ground: â€Å"He will paint it or he will hang! the Pope exclaims. Through his threats to Michelangelo, the Pope reinforces the Middle Ages’ belief in the power of punishment; a disorderly soc iety such as theirs could not have existed very long without some form of law and order. The Church used punishments to enforce discipline in an uncertain world; It was the only method that prevented the spread of immorality. Even a highly-acclaimed Renaissance man agreed with the concept, reasoning, â€Å"He who does not punish evil commands it to be done. †

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Comparison Essay Essays

Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Comparison Essay Essays Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Comparison Essay Essay Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Comparison Essay Essay Macbeth by Shakespeare and Lord of the Fliess by William Golding have much to state about man’s iniquitous nature. Both of these plants contain scenes in which chief characters die ; their deceases come about because of their iniquitous nature or the iniquitous nature of others around them. Man’s iniquitous nature is revealed through the ideas and actions of the characters of these plants. The writers show through their plants their belief that if everybody revealed their true natures. the universe would rupture itself apart. In both plants. immorality is revealed by the revealing actions of the characters. In Lord of the Flies. the boys’ society starts to fall apart as Jack becomes less and less civilised and the other male childs bit by bit follow his illustration. Merely Simon is the genuinely guiltless one ; even Ralph and Piggy expose their evil nature when they help the other male childs kill Simon. Besides the slayings of Simon and Piggy. immorality is besides demonstrated through the scenes when the hog is killed. Piggy’s spectacless are stolen. and the conch shell is smashed. In Macbeth. man’s iniquitous nature is seen rather early in the narrative when Lady Macbeth urges her hubby to kill the male monarch after he is told a prognostication that he will go male monarch. Though Macbeth is loath at foremost. so horrified at the slaying he has committed. his pride and greed get the better of him. He starts killing more people. including adult females and kids. and even efforts t o kill his good friend Banquo. Though Macbeth started out good. his evil nature conquered in the terminal. Though they both demonstrate man’s iniquitous nature. the books end in really different ways. In Macbeth. Macbeth dies by the manus of his enemy. and his married woman dies by her ain manus. In Lord of the Flies. the male childs are rescued merely as Ralph is about to be killed. However. in both books the wickedness job is neer controlled. Shakespeare neer suggests in his work that Malcolm will go corrupt or that person else will prehend the throne. However. it is in the nature of adult male to be corrupt. and finally something like Macbeth’s trespass of the throne would go on once more. On the other manus. Golding lays heavy accent on the suggestion that all work forces are iniquitous. non merely male childs marooned on an island. He shows this by adding the naval officer and his ship into the narrative. The Bible has much to state about man’s iniquitous nature. In Romans 3:23. it states: â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glorification of God. † Luke 18:13 says this: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢God. have mercy on me. a evildoer. † Everybody has a iniquitous nature ; our Black Marias are corrupted and full of greed. Macbeth and Lord of the Flies show how improbably far off our wickednesss can take us from God’s love and grace. As the Luke transition proves. nevertheless. God will ever hold clemency on us. no affair how far we have strayed from him. Macbeth. unluckily. neer changed- he stayed wicked until the terminal. On the other manus. Ralph and the other boys most likely did alter their evil ways when they went back to civilisation. If we neer return to God and garbage to hold anything to make with him. like Macbeth. he will hold no pick but to penalize us. However. if we turn from our iniquitous ways like Ralph. God will welcome us back with unfa stened weaponries. Both Macbeth and Lord of the Flies speak volumes about the job of man’s iniquitous nature. Though they seem like guiltless narratives at first. the reader bit by bit realizes that the writers are. in fact. talking about the full human population. Both writers are doing a individual point: All worlds have a iniquitous nature. and if it were given free rein. world would destruct itself.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Outlining for Writers Who Hate to Outline - Freewrite Store

Outlining for Writers Who Hate to Outline - Freewrite Store Cate Dean has been writing for far longer than she cares to admit. She has published over 40 books and novellas, and is best known for her paranormal series, The Claire Wiche Chronicles, as well as her cozy mystery series, The Maggie Mulgrew Mysteries. Outlining. It’s just a word – but, oh, can it leave you shaking in your chair, staring at a blank screen, sweat trickling down your back. I’ve been where you are – multiple times. Every time I read an article about outlining, I squelched the desperate cries of my pantser, and tried the latest technique. The result was always the same: wasted hours, and miserable failure. That failure would send me straight back to my pantsing ways, and my long, messy drafts. It was more work, but I was so much happier without the ball and chain of an outline. If you’ve spent any time on writer’s forums, or in any writing group, you know that the pantser vs. outliner battle has been long and fierce. Each side claims that their way is the best way, the only way. But – what if there was a third option? A way to outline that didn’t kill your creative spark, and actually improved your word count? Ah ha! Now I’ve got your attention. But I’m a Pantser! Outlining will ruin my creative process! I hear you. I had the same rally cry, the same reaction every time another â€Å"perfect† outline process was making the rounds. I was a pantser, for years. Like I said above, outlining never worked for me. After taking all that time, and writing out every detail of my world, my plot, and my characters, I was so sick of the story that I no longer wanted to write it. Sound familiar? If every attempt you’ve made to outline has been a time-sucking, creativity-sucking disaster, you’re nodding your head right now. You’re probably also ready to click to the next post, before I mention that evil word again. Give me another minute, before you run away. I’m here to tell you, as a former pantser, that there is a way to outline that won’t ruin your creative process. Quite the opposite, in fact. Let me tell you how I became an outline convert – for good. Why I started outlining - and why you should as well It was 2012, and I’d just self-published my first novella. I was nervous, excited, and ready to take the next step – writing the first book of a potential series. My biggest obstacle was working a 12-hour day, with only weekends and holidays to do any serious writing. As a pantser, I knew it would take me forever to get the first draft written, and even longer to clean it up enough to send to an editor. To add even more pressure, I gave an actual deadline to my new author friend, and now I had to meet that deadline. I had been reading about story structure, and discovered that even though I made stories up as I went along, I instinctively understood the flow of a story, and what needed to go where. I’ve been writing for a long time (since I was seven), and making up full-blown, multi-plot stories in my head for almost as long. I’ve literally had years of practice creating stories. So, I took that knowledge, and story structure, and started writing stuff down. My first effort was a long process. It included index cards, loads of notes, and a template that took days to fill out. The result was an outline that let me write my first book in three weeks. Yes, you read that right. It may have taken longer than I wanted to work out the logistics of the outline, but having all the pieces in place let me fly through the story. It was the first book of what is still my bestselling series, The Claire Wiche Chronicles. To say I was excited would be an understatement. I was flying – and I had a few people read that book, just to make sure I wasn’t imagining that I actually had a good story. As a side note, they were all reading a first draft. I literally typed the last paragraphs and sent it off, more scared than I’ve ever been in my life. If it had been a pre-outline first draft, I never would have let anyone see it – not until it had been through multiple editing passes. An outline from a former pantser Since that first experience, I’ve been honing and refining my outline, to make it fast, easy, and a pleasure to do. Never thought you’d see outline and pleasure in the same sentence, did you? What I use now is a quick, one page, bullet point outline, based on story structure. It takes me a couple of hours to fill out. Ready to give it a try? I call it my outline for outline-phobes – like me. This is what it looks like: inciting incident – (this is when something changes, aka when the story really starts) plot point 1 – (this is where you establish the story question – where the MC’s life changes forever) pinch point 1 – (the opposition pokes back) plot point 2 – (new information allows the MC to start acting instead of reacting – i.e. running around like a wild chicken) pinch point 2 – (the opposition strikes back – hard and ugly) plot point 3 – (this is the big push for the third act – normally, there’s no new info after this point, but this isn’t set in stone) black moment– (worst thing ever – stick your character in a tree, then light it on fire) resolution – (get them out of the tree – without a deus ex machina move) Not so scary, is it? To make the process even easier, create a template that you can use over and over. Then you just copy/paste it to the top of your document, every time you start a new story or book. Easy to reference, and you can delete or cross out a scene once you finish it. An extra tip: use each bullet point to create a chapter. I’ve been doing this with my last few books, and it really helps with both flow and not writing deadly long chapters. Don’t be hard on yourself when you first tackle this outline. Remember, I’ve been writing for years, and I usually have the whole story already in my head by the time I get to the actual outline. Take as long as you need, and understand that this will be a fluid document. You will be adding, changing, or moving things around as you get into the actual writing. That’s where the real fun begins. Watching your story come to life, discovering fun surprises along the way, and having a tight, exciting story will hook you. Before you know it, you won’t start a new story – you’ll start the outline for a new story. And there you have it – an outline that can actually be enjoyable. The power of this outline is that it leaves you plenty of room for creativity, maybe step off the story path. You’ll always have a map to find your way back. It will also streamline your writing, and as a bonus, it will probably add to your daily word count. Knowing where you’re headed in a story makes your imagination fly. Your fingers might just have a hard time keeping up. Outlining can be so overwhelming, especially for those of you who shudder at the memory of the convoluted, multi-level outlines you were forced to create in high school. My simple outline takes away all the fear, and puts back in all the fun. Do you have your own method of outlining that works for you? I’d love to hear about it! Please share with us in the comments. Now, go forth and outline your next opus with confidence. cheers, ~Cate       Cate Dean an author, a travel addict, and a rabid Anglophile.  She grew up losing herself in the wilds of fantasy worlds, and has had some of her own adventures while tromping through the UK, and a few other parts of the world.  A lover of all things supernatural, she infuses that love into her stories, giving them a unique edge.  When she's not writing, she loves cooking, scaring herself silly in the local cemeteries, and reading pretty much anything she can get her hands on.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Its New Feature December, And CoSchedule Has Launched 4 So Far

Its New Feature December, And Has Launched 4 So Far We want to make 2014 your best year of blogging yet, so were putting a bow on some of our most requested features and releasing them before years end. Its a little something that weve been calling New Feature December. Its a lot like no-shave November, but way less itchy. Its New Feature December for the @#editorialcalendar make 2014 your yearHere is a roundup of the features we have launched so far. Awesome Link Previews Now, for each social media message that you create, will provide you with a preview of the link information that will be sent to sites like LinkedIn, Facebook and Google+. Not only are you able to preview the links (and delete them), but you are also able to customize them–including the image, title, and link description. LinkedIn Company Pages Connect your LinkedIn company pages to ! This makes for a completed roundup with LinkedIn. We fully support personal profiles, company pages and groups. Cool. Referral Program Share with your friends and get credit for doing it with our new referral program. With each friend that makes a purchase, you will receive 10% off of your subscription for the life of their account.  Easy, right?

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Domestic Violence Cycles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domestic Violence Cycles - Term Paper Example The victims are usually women, children, elderly people, physically or mentally challenged persons and partners in gay or lesbian relationship (Steiner, 1996). Domestic violence is a far-reaching and social problem which has raised many serious debates. While many sociologists argue that domestic violence is mainly a male- perpetrated issue, many others believe that women are as violent as men in intimate relationships. The issue of domestic violence, especially against women, is not new and in fact, the domestic violence movement is at least 3 decades old. The movement has caught a lot of public awareness and has got many protective laws enacted. Many extensive networks of services have been started to help the victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence can be either physical - where there is danger of harm to any part of the victims body; psychological and emotional - where the offender abuses the victim verbally or criticizes her in front of others or causes embarrassment, despair, sadness or terror; sexual- wherein the victim suffers rape or any other derogatory treatment; economical- the offender tortures the victim by causing financial tensions, not allowing her to spend or asking her penny-to-penny accounts of what is being spent; or social- where the victim is not given freedom to meet her friends and relatives or attend social gatherings. Other methods of harassment include blackmailing, following, unwanted emails, and phone calls, etc. Children, elderly and the disabled may also suffer by sheer negligence like not giving food, shelter, and clothes properly or not giving medical aid in time. Also, children may suffer by just looking at their mother being beaten up (Davies, Smith and deBenedictis, 2008). According to the 1998 Commonwealth fund survey, nearly 31% of American women report being abused by their partners at some point in their lives (Commonwealth Fund, 1999).

Friday, October 18, 2019

Travel in South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Travel in South Africa - Essay Example The country is characterized by world class infrastructure, friendly citizens as well as spectacular scenery. This sector received a major boost during the 2010 world cup when it received the highest number of visitors in history. There are various benefits associated with the industry in South Africa. Tourism and travel provides foreign exchange for the country. This gives the governments enough money to offset the foreign debts, allows the South African Rand to remain at par with the US dollar. It also allows the government to pay its employees (Walker and Keith 15). This means that governments have money that is dedicated towards constructive projects such as education, infrastructure as well as health care. The South African citizens that go for shopping sprees abroad have the money to buy goods and services as long as the foreign currencies are readily available in the economy (Walker and Keith 22). Finally, tourism and travel facilitates exportation of goods into the country. Tourism and travel leads to the direct and indirect creation of jobs. When tourists visit the country, it leads to job creation for jewelry trades, drivers and vendors that are directly involved in the sector (Walker and Keith 33). Tourism and travel also has an indirect impacts on landlords and other traders. The sector plays a key role in ensuring job creation in the hotel and entertainment industries. As earlier stated the tourism and travel sector employs one out of every twelve individuals in the economy. The tourism sector contributes towards infrastructure development as the government works towards developing roads, electricity and communication networks in the country to attract tourists. This results into an infrastructure improvement in the country (Walker and Keith 67). The tourist and travel sector results into cultural preservation through economic and cultural incentives. Finally, it results

How children learn the sounds of their language Coursework - 1

How children learn the sounds of their language - Coursework Example From the outset children learn to speak as the result of being part of a social and cultural fabric. Halliday (1980) proposes that we ‘learn language, learn through language and learn about language simultaneously as we use language’. Language cannot be learned in isolation from others. As soon as children are born they enter the world they find themselves to be part of adult conversations. For the most part ‘motherese’ (see vialle, Lysaght & Verenkina 2000, p.74), is an extremely small part of the language children hear. The overwhelming majority of the language forms in the children’s immediate culture and environment is framed in adult conventions without any attempt to simplify. As parents and others care for the daily needs of children they chatter to the child, asking questions (‘who’s a pretty baby? Did you have a big sleep?’), they share family stories (‘Grandma’s coming today and we are going shopping’) and they use language that they neither expect the child to understand or respond to at this stage. Families include children in their language acts as they gather around their new offspring. And all this time there is myriad background talk emanating from radios, televisions, computers and often other siblings. While this language may often seem to be a jumble of noise and sounds, there is always one constant in play: meaning is being developed through social interaction. This is the driving force that will operate throughout the initial years in each child’s language development and beyond (vialle, Lysaght & Verenikina 2000, p.66). Language learning is a mutual process -- Children are not passive passengers in the language that surrounds them. Young children can understand a great deal a long time before they can actually vocalize any recognizable words. As active participants in the everyday interactions of life, gradually children realize that

The Contemporary Issues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Contemporary Issues in Marketing - Essay Example There are thousands of books for marketing in the recent time, but do all of these books say the same thing in a different manner? Or these books are not at all applicable in the real life? Well, this paper reveals the major contemporary issues of these marketing books in a descriptive manner. The great virtue of marketing management is, that it is bound to change and evolve over time, developing newer strategies and theories which may benefit the marketing of products, and ultimately help in improving human lives in the process. Such improvements and evolution of marketing concepts and theories; play a key role in enhancing the quality of our lives by making more and more products and services accessible to us. However, marketing is a huge functional entity which comprise of various branches. The contemporary issues of marketing include the manner in which products and services are marketed, in an ethical manner and the use of technology as a new-age marketing strategy. This paper w ill discuss all the contemporary issues which are important to improve the product. ... This paper will be focusing on all the aspects as well as issues related to contemporary marketing. Furthermore, other critical issues such as the traditional and modern marketing approaches as well as the involvement of the technologies; the ethical aspects of the Marketing are also discussed comprehensively, in this paper. This paper will help the reader to understand the contemporary definition and the approaches of marketing in the modern era. Introduction: There are thousands of books for marketing in the recent time, but do all of these books say the same thing in a different manner? Or these books are not at all applicable in the real life? Well, this paper reveals the major contemporary issues of these marketing books in a descriptive manner. The great virtue of marketing management is, that it is bound to change and evolve over time, developing newer strategies and theories which may benefit the marketing of products, and ultimately help in improving human lives in the proce ss. Such improvements and evolution of marketing concepts and theories; play a key role in enhancing the quality of our lives by making more and more products and services accessible to us. However, marketing is a huge functional entity which comprise of various branches. The contemporary issues of marketing include the manner in which products and services are marketed, in an ethical manner and the use of technology as a new-age marketing strategy. This paper will discuss all the contemporary issues which are important to improve the product. The concept of marketing and its components: Definition: Marketing is an age-old phenomenon and it comprises of various critical

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Critical thinking art paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking art paper - Essay Example Such depiction was evident by the use of multimedia that added to the value of the entire art entertainment. Truly, it is evident that the conceptual basis for such entertainment was the modern time that allows almost everyone in all walks of life to relate with. Therefore, the artwork in the event significantly involved computer technology. By being able to use multimedia presentations synchronizing the actors’ performance on stage, the entire show elaborated a truly new form of entertainment that was remarkably aligned with the modern times. It showcased an art that the new generation today with highly advanced technology can eventually appreciate. As already stated, the use of multimedia was enticing viewers to appreciate the whole theatrical event that is truly different from the classical one. Therefore the use of technology alone was a fundamental component of the Blue Man Group Universal that allowed it to be differentiated from the other theatrical and artistic performers. This eventually created a word of mouth, and as a result, many people were encouraged to experience the live artistic performance of the Blue Man Group Universal. Although the presentation of the Blue Man Group Universal still have important elements like those in any other classical theatrical event, what differentiated it from the rest was the level of interaction it tried to create with its target audience. The artistic performance was eventually designed in such a way that people in different walks of life can relate, both young and old. The interaction was able to create appreciation of the advantage of using technology in order to enhance or refine the presentation of the artistic design. Computer arts was remarkable in the presentation, prior to appealing to human emotion by triggering laughter and awe-inspiring creativity that was made possible via the employment of multimedia presentation. In this case, the use of

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Discuss critically Paul's treat of grace in chapter 6 of Romans Essay

Discuss critically Paul's treat of grace in chapter 6 of Romans - Essay Example The epistle thus introduces grace based on the fact that human beings and sin are acquaintances, yet there is salvation that comes from the grace of God, but it is a choice. In this chapter, Paul acknowledges that sin has to be absolved by God for one to have a chance in eternal life, but it is not mandatory that grace is offered, yet it does not give one a free pass to the sweetness of sin. Based in Paul’s approach to grace and sin, the latter is quite compelling and is associated with a life that has earthly pleasures, which should not be what a Christian aspires due to the repercussions that are associated with engaging in the acts that contradict the life of a Christian and Christianity principles1. Analysis The introduction of grace in the Christian life is based on the choices an individual makes. Sin as described by Paul is unavoidable and Christians shall find themselves in it, but through grace, a Christian can be saved from sin and gain eternal life. The chapter addr esses sin as a life of slavery and Paul goes on to further states that without proper knowledge and insight, it would be impossible to live a life devoid of sin. The epistle faults humanity and introduces the element of human weakness in saying that â€Å"we are dead to that master† (6: 7& 8), which is a life of sin. ... The context of the epistle is trying to establish a logical flow that paints salvation as a process where the Christian has to make choices. The choices that are made in a Christian’s life have spiritual consequences as painted by Paul. Though we are given the ability to choose and dominion over God’s creations, we have an obligation to him. Part of that obligation as suggested by Paul is avoiding sin. This abstinence from sin is based on the idea that the body, being earthly shall compel us to sin. The body shall be compelled to the evil desires since it is mortal, but as a Christian, one should rely on the spiritual to avoid falling trap to the associations of sin. The grace of God can save our spiritual form, although Paul does not create a great disparity between body and soul. In grace then our spiritual being shall have the capability of putting up defense against the challenge of earthly desires. Grace is important to Christian life since as Paul describes the bo dy has an influence on the spirit and the spiritual being shall suffer from the transgressions of the body3. The Christian thus must make a decision as to whether their preference lays in being an instrument of righteousness or the contrasting wickedness. As discussed by Paul, life consists of several challenges, which are earthly and are part of what can be described as sin. Every Christian shall face challenges in life which should be overcome through staunch faith and living in the footprints of Christ. Different parameters of earthly life contribute to the choices one makes and contribute to spiritual and bodily adherence to Christianity. Conversion to Christianity involves several steps that must get the believer to accept

Critical thinking art paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking art paper - Essay Example Such depiction was evident by the use of multimedia that added to the value of the entire art entertainment. Truly, it is evident that the conceptual basis for such entertainment was the modern time that allows almost everyone in all walks of life to relate with. Therefore, the artwork in the event significantly involved computer technology. By being able to use multimedia presentations synchronizing the actors’ performance on stage, the entire show elaborated a truly new form of entertainment that was remarkably aligned with the modern times. It showcased an art that the new generation today with highly advanced technology can eventually appreciate. As already stated, the use of multimedia was enticing viewers to appreciate the whole theatrical event that is truly different from the classical one. Therefore the use of technology alone was a fundamental component of the Blue Man Group Universal that allowed it to be differentiated from the other theatrical and artistic performers. This eventually created a word of mouth, and as a result, many people were encouraged to experience the live artistic performance of the Blue Man Group Universal. Although the presentation of the Blue Man Group Universal still have important elements like those in any other classical theatrical event, what differentiated it from the rest was the level of interaction it tried to create with its target audience. The artistic performance was eventually designed in such a way that people in different walks of life can relate, both young and old. The interaction was able to create appreciation of the advantage of using technology in order to enhance or refine the presentation of the artistic design. Computer arts was remarkable in the presentation, prior to appealing to human emotion by triggering laughter and awe-inspiring creativity that was made possible via the employment of multimedia presentation. In this case, the use of

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Natural monopoly Essay Example for Free

Natural monopoly Essay I believe that times change and as they, change rules and regulations must adapt to the times. Therefore, the treatment of the different industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do not think the Telephone and Broadcast should never have or ever be considered a â€Å"Natural Monopoly†. The concept of natural monopoly presents a challenging public policy dilemma. On the one hand, a natural monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be better served if a single firm supplies the entire market. On the other hand, in the absence of any competition the monopoly holder will be tempted to exploit his natural monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A natural monopoly is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a natural reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient. Natural monopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to build a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas delivery service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is now being deregulated, so the generators of electric power can now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually remain a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. Cable as a Natural Monopoly Nearly every community in the United States allows only a single cable company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder decision [4] in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities might be subject to antitrust liability for anticompetitive acts, most cable franchises have been nominally nonexclusive but in fact do operate to preclude all competitors. The legal rationale for municipal regulation is that cable uses city-owned streets and rights-of-way; the economic rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure; and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm will survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. [5] Those who assert that cable television is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale; that is, its large fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive entry into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive. The Competitive Reality 1. A skeptic hearing exhortations that cable television is a natural monopoly that should be locally regulated could have some questions at this point. First, if cable is a natural monopoly, why do we need to guarantee it with a franchise? Economists Bruce Owen and Peter Greenhalgh argue persuasively that given economies of scale, if a cable company is responsive and efficient in its pricing and service quality then there will be little incentive for competitors to enter, and no need for an exclusionary franchise policy. [9] Thus, if entry restrictions are necessary to arrest competition, the industry by definition is not a natural monopoly. 2. Second, if cable is a natural monopoly, is it necessarily a local monopoly? Some observers use the terms interchangeably, but there is no evidence that economic laws respect municipal boundaries. Given large fixed costs, does it make sense to award a local franchise to one company when another already has facilities in an adjacent community? Yet such wasteful duplication, as the natural monopoly proponents would call it, occurs frequently under the franchise system. Local franchises make no sense in a true natural monopoly setting. 3. These questions, however, go to the heart of natural monopoly theory itself, a doctrine that is under increasing attack. [10] In the face of crumbling conventional wisdom in this area, the burden should be on the natural monopoly proponents to demonstrate that competition is not possible, and further, that regulation is necessary. Such a demonstration will prove impossible in the cable context. Cable is both extremely competitive, facing both direct and indirect market challenges, and, in any event, is better left unregulated. For many decades, economic textbooks have held up the telecommunications industry as the ideal model of natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is said to exist when a single firm is able to control most, if not all, output and prices in a given market due to the enormous entry barriers and economies of scale associated with the industry. More specifically, a market is said to be naturally monopolistic when one firm can serve consumers at lower costs than two or more firms (Spulber 1995: 31). For example, telephone service traditionally has required laying an extensive cable network, constructing numerous calls switching stations, and creating a variety of support services, before service could actually be initiated. Obviously, with such high entry costs, new firms can find it difficult to gain a toehold in the industry. Those problems are compounded by the fact that once a single firm overcomes the initial costs, their average cost of doing business drops rapidly relative to newcomers. The telephone monopoly, however, has been anything but natural. Overlooked in the textbooks is the extent to which federal and state governmental actions throughout this century helped build the ATT or Bell system monopoly. As Robert Crandall (1991: 41) noted, Despite the popular belief that the telephone network is a natural monopoly, the ATT monopoly survived until the 1980s not because of its naturalness but because of overt government policy. I hope that the above facts help support my beliefs that these industries should not be considered Natural Monopolies. These companies just executed and had better site than other in the same industry had. Today ATT is just as strong as it ever was. References Benjamin, S. M. , Lichtman, D. G. , Shelanski, H. , Weiser , P. (2006). FOUNDATIONS. In Telecommunications Law and Policy . (2nd ed. ). (pp. 437 469). Durham, NC : Carolina Academic Press. Foldvary, F. E. (1999). Natural Monopolies . The Progress Report. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from http://www. progress. org/fold74. htm Thierer , A. D. (1994). UNNATURAL MONOPOLY: CRITICAL MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELL SYSTEM MONOPOLY . 14(2).

Monday, October 14, 2019

Memory Units And Memory Hierarchy

Memory Units And Memory Hierarchy Memory organisation is combination of several memory devices efficiently. Memory devices are combined and organised based on their characteristic such as access time, speed, storage capacity, physical size and cost per byte. Memory devices organised in such a way that computer system should operate at highest speed, provide bulky storage capacity, smaller in size and less in a cost. Memory organisation uses primary memory devices and secondary memory devices. 3.2 Memory Unit Memory unit is storage unit of the computer system. It stores content such as instructions (codes) and data for temporary or permanent purpose. It is used to stores content and to retrieves the content when needed by CPU or user. Memory unit includes two types of memory: primary (main) and secondary. Instruction or data given by input devices is first getting stored in the primary memory. Further users saves processed (executed) data in the secondary memory. Primary memory is volatile (temporary). It is faster than secondary memory. It includes RAM and ROM. It is directly accessible by CPU. Secondary memory is non-volatile (permanent). It includes several secondary storage devices such as Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Floppy Disk Drive (FDD), CDROM, and DVD and so on. Figure 3.1 shows memory unit and communication line with other units. Note: Volatile memory loses its content when computer loses power. In non-volatile memory power loss of computer does not affects content. Input Unit Process Unit Output Unit Primary Memory Secondary Memory Memory Unit 3.3 Memory hierarchy Memory organisation includes various memory devices. These devises are structured in a hierarchy based on the characteristics of memory devices. Memory hierarchy explains the sequence of accessing memory device while processing, in the computer system. Memory is structured in the hierarchy in such a way that computer system should give excellent performance. Figure 3.2 shows Memory hierarchy. Hierarchy is made on the basis of characteristics of memory, they are listed as follow: Access Time Time taken by memory to read or write data. It is measured in milliseconds (ms) or in nanoseconds (ns). Memory size It is amount of memory. Measured in KB, MB, GB or TB. Cost per byte It is cost required to access per byte. Transfer bandwidth It is speed of the memory. It measured in MHz, GHz. Unit of transfer Data transfer rate. Measured in Kbps, Mbps or Gbps. Increasing speed and cost per bit dcreeasing sisize Registers in CPU Level one cache Level two cache Main memory Virtual Memory Increasing Size, decreasing speed and cost capacity Secondary Storage devices Figure 3.2 Memory Hierarchy Memory hierarchy includes CPU registers on the top. Register provides fastest data access and it is one of the most expensive memory location. Second and third levels are level-1 and level-2 cache respectively. The level one cache is small in size (4 KB to 32 KB) though much larger than register. It is fixed on CPU chip so user can not expand. The level-2 cache is present on some CPUs only. It is much larger than level-1 cache. User can not expand it as it is fixed on CPU chip but it is cheaper than level-1 cache. Virtual memory is part of disk drive, which simulates to Random Access Memory (RAM). Disk drives are less expensive; so cost per bit is significantly less. Secondary storage devices are such as Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Floppy Disk Drive (FDD), Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CDROM), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) and tape drives. It is bit slower. 3.4 Memory types Basic purpose of memory is to store content. Still memory is available in different types. Basic type of memory is primary memory and secondary memory. Types are made based on memory characteristics and its role in the computer system. Primary memory is the first memory used by CPU, so it should be faster and easily accessible. To make primary memory as per the requirement, memory organisation includes RAM and ROM as primary memory. The main use of secondary memory is use to store users data permanently. Speed of secondary memory can be compromised, but storage capacity should be excellent. So memory organisation includes HDD, FDD, and CDROM and so on as a secondary memory. Figure 3.2 shows types of memory. 3.4.1 Primary Memory Primary memory is access directly by CPU. Primary divided in to two types RAM and ROM. Primary memory should be faster and easily accessible. RAM RAM is a primary memory used in the computer. RAM is the main memory of the computer system. It is volatile since its content is accessible only as long as the computer is ON. The content of RAM is cleared as soon as computer is powered OFF. It is at third place in the memory hierarchy. Operating system, application program and running data are loaded in the RAM. CPU directly accesses the RAM. Types of RAM are as follows: Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) SRAM is made with several transistors, usually four to six, for each memory cell. It does not require refresh time as capacitors are not used. It is much faster and costlier than DRAM. Computer system use SRAM as cache memory. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) It has memory cells with a paired transistor; it uses capacitor, as capacitors slowly leaks with as they stared discharging, so need periodic refresh. It is slower and chippers than SRAM. It is much denser (stores many bits per chip). It requires less power and generates less heat as compared to the SRAM. DRAM is available in several forms such as SDRAM, then DDRAM to RDRAM. Read Only Memory (ROM) ROM is non-volatile primary memory. Data written on ROM can not delete or overwrite. Data is burned on the ROM as firmware. ROM memory is used in the computer system to write firmware for example BIOS program. Types of ROM are as follows: Programmable read-only memory (PROM) This type of memory is one time written memory. Once program is written can not be change. Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) Data written on EPROM can be erased. Ultraviolet is used to erase the data written on PROM. Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) It is same as EPROM but to erase data entirely it requires electrical signal. So not require to remove from computer. Data can be erased or over written it the computer itself. 3.4.2 Secondary Memory A secondary memory is non-volatile. Secondary memory used to save users data permanently. Devices used as secondary memory are HDD, FDD, CD, DVD, Tape drives and so on. Secondary memory is at sixth place in the memory hierarchy. Devices used as secondary memory are listed as follows: Floppy Disk Drives (FDD) Used as magnetic, portable memory device. It stores maximum 1.44 MB data. Earlier it used to transfer data among computer systems. Hard Disk Drives (HDD) HDD is fixed, magnetic memory device. It is vital in the computer system because Operating System and users data is saved on the HDD. Storage capacity of HDD is vendor specific. CDROM and DVDROM Are optical memory units used for transferring data and programs among the computers. CDs are available in the size 650MB, DVDs are available up to 4 GB in a size. Tape drives Are usually used for data backup purpose. 3.6 Cache Memory The cache is small amount of memory with high speed. Cache memory keeps data and code (introductions) that are used by CPU often. Use of cache memory reduced the waiting time of CPU that makes CPU more effective. SRAM is used to create cache memory. SRAM does not required refresh as it does not use capacitors as DRAM, it is 10 times faster than DRAM. Cache is of two types Level-1 that is placed ion the CPU. Level 2 cache is optional some processors have this type of memory that is some time placed inside the CPU or placed near by CPU. To execute next instruction, CPU first check cache memory for the same instruction if that instruction is not available then it goes further. Note: DRAM is made up of capacitors which need constant refreshing to preserve data. SRAM uses flip-flop circuit that does not require refresh. 3.6.1 Cache line replacement Algorithms While a new line is loaded in the cache, one of the existing lines must be replaced. Direct mapped cache, same block from line is removed take place for new one. In associative cache, it can search for another place. Four of the most common line replacement algorithms are as follows: LRU (Lease Recently Used) the cache line that was last referenced in the most distance past is replaced. FIFO (First In First Out) the cache line from the set that was loaded in the most distant past is replaced. LFU ( Least Frequently Used) the cache line that has been referenced the times is replaced. Random a randomly selected line from cache is replaced. Note: The most commonly used algorithm is LRU. Cache Terminology Cache use few terminology for operation are as follows: Hit A cache access finds data the cache memory Miss A cache access does not find data or instruction, forcing access to next memory down in memory hierarchy. Miss ratio Percent of misses to data compared to all accesses. Hit access time Number of clocks to return a cache hit Miss penalty Number of clocks to process a cache miss. Virtual Memory Operating system enables a process through which space of hard disk drive can be simulate to RAM. The HDD space used as RAM is known a Virtual Memory. As cost per byte of HDD is less, so virtual memory is beneficial to run many large programs that need more memory. Access time of RAM is in nanoseconds but virtual memory gives access time in milliseconds. It is much slower than RAM. Figure 5.1 shows operation of virtual memory. Virtual memory uses paging and segmentation terminologies. Terms used by paging are as follows: Virtual address- Address used by application program from virtual memory. It is composed of page number and page offset. Physical address Address of physical memory. Page virtual space divided into fixed-size pages. Frame Physical memory divided into fixed frames size. MMU Memory Management Unit (MMU) used to map virtual address to physical address. Page table Each process has its own page table. Each page table entry contains the frame number of the corresponding page in main memory Figure 3.4 Virtual memory operations 3.8 Chapter Review Questions Which of the following is primary volatile memory? (A) RAM (C) ROM (B) HDD (D) FDD Ans: A Which among the following are magnetic storage devices? (A) HDD (C) FDD (B) CDROM (D) DVDROM Ans: A and C Maximum storage capacity FDD is - (A) 2GB (C) 2.44 MB (B) 1.44MB (D) None of these Ans: B A  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­____ is used as cache memory in the computer system. (A) SRAM (C) DRAM (B) SDRAM (D) ROM Ans: A Which of the following is primary non-volatile memory? (A) Cache (C) ROM (B) Virtual (D) None of these Ans: C Which of the following ROMs content can be deleted using ultraviolet? (A) PROM (C) EPROM (B) ROM (D) EEPROM Ans: C Virtual memory is concept of (A) Using HDD space as RAM (C) Using FDD space as a RAM (B) Logical based (D) Protocol based Ans: A 8. In the memory hierarchy which memory is at first level? (A) Register (C) L1 cache (B) L2 cache (D) None of these Ans: A 9. Which memory takes second place in the memory hierarchy? (A) L1 cache (C) L2 cache (B) ROM (D) HDD Ans: B 10. MMU stands for (A) Memory Mixture unit (C) Memory Management Unit (B) Memory measurement Unit (D) None of these Ans: C 3.8.1 Answers 1. A 2. A and C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C Summary In the chapter, Memory Organisation, you learnt about: Different memory units and its types. Memory hierarchy based on memory characteristics. Cache and its replacement algorithm. Virtual memory and paging.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Essay examples --

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was being set in New York in 1922. . It was in Long Island where the rich and wealthy people lived and that was split into West and East Egg. The wealthy people lived in East Egg. There are seven characters that make up The Great Gatsby is. First there is Nick Carraway and he is a graduate student from Yale, and he used to live in the Midwest. He was in World War 1 and later moved to New York to become a bonds salesman. Next there is Jay Gatsby. He is a millionaire that lives in a mansion and is known for throwing massive parties. He got all of his fortune from doing illegal criminal activities. He is in love with a woman named Daisy Buchanan. Daisy is Nick’s cousin and is married to Tom. She has had history with Gatsby before she got married to Tom. Tom Buchanan is a millionaire that lives in East Egg. He is rich because of his family name and He attended Yale with Nick. Jordan Baker is one of Daisy’s friends that is a profession al golfer. She later ends up being Nick’s girlfriend for a while. George Wilson is a man that owns an auto shop and is married to Myrtle. Myrtle is Tom’s mistress that he fools around with. Lastly there was a man named Meyer Wolfshiem. He was known for fixing the 1919 World Series. Section 2: Summary of the book: The Great Gatsby is a book about a name named Nick Carraway that moves to New York to learn to be a bonds salesman. He rents a tiny house in West Egg Long Island. He has a neighbor that lives in a mansion and his name is Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is a millionaire that gained all of his wealth from doing illegal activities. Nick has a cousin named Daisy that lives across the bay from him in a massive house. Her husband’s name is Tom Buchanan and had gained ... ...around the United States. He had a butler that would always tell him when a different state was on the phone and it had to deal with his bootlegging business. This period of time was known as the Jazz Age. That was when jazz music and flapper dance became popular. In the book Gatsby always had jazz music and dancers at his parties to keep the guest happy. Section 4: What I gained from reading this book: One thing I gained after reading The Great Gatsby was that I should live my life for myself and not for others, because you will never find happiness when you are only trying to impress other people. When Gatsby tried to impress Daisy by buying a huge mansion, and throwing big parties he really isn’t happy. He is living his life to try and impress her all they time weather its buying her stuff or having her over for the day she is still going to go home to Tom.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Destruction in Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

Theme of Destruction in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front Everyone knows what war is. It's a nation taking all of its men, resources, weapons and most of its money and bearing all malignantly towards another nation. War is about death, destruction, disease, loss, pain, suffering and hate. I often think to myself why grown and intelligent individuals cannot resolve matters any better than to take up arms and crawl around, wrestle and fight like animals. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque puts all of these aspects of war into a vivid story which tells the horrors of World War 1 through a soldier's eyes. The idea that he conveys most throughout this book is the idea of destruction, the destruction of bodies, minds and innocence. The author starts off his book with a note highlighting the meaning of this book. It is as follows: This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.(Intro) Right after reading this paragraph, I knew that none of this book was to be comical or heroic. It was not going to be one of those stupid stories romanticizing war and making heroes out of men who killed more of the enemy than anyone else; this book was about destruction. These few lines before chapter one set the whole tone for the rest of the book. Glory does not exist in this story, only death and sadness. The story takes place through the eyes of a German infantryman named Paul Baumer. He is nineteen and just joined up with the German army after high school with the persuasion of one of his schoolteachers, Mr. Kantorek. Paul recalls how he would use all class period lecturing the students, peering through his spectacles and saying: "Won't you join up comrades?"(10). Here was a man who loved war. He loved the "glory" of war. He loved it so much as to persuade every boy in his class to join up with the army. He must have thought how proud they would be marching out onto that field in their military attire.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Global link for Australia than defence

The main reason why Australia provides aid is to reduce the amount of poverty around the world. We also provide aid to achieve a sustainable development. Defense is also one of Australia's regional and global links. We have ties with the US, UK, NZ and South-East nations such as Japan and South Korea. The major focus of defense in Australia is to provide military forces. For this to work, defenses must get ready for military operations and other tasks conducted by the government. Australia's aid program helps improve the lives of millions of people in countries that are still developing.We work with governments in these developing countries to deliver aid to where people need it most. Aid is very important to people around the world, not Just benefiting them but us too like improving our regional security. Our funding for 2012/13 reached up to 331 million dollars. Australia spends over 51 billion dollars Just on defense. This huge amount of money is used up all in a decade. We assist other nations to develop their military skills and it's a win for both them and us because we assist one another. But our defense links can result In conflicts with many militaries overseas.When we have conflicts with one another, there Is a high amount of financial cost to being Involved. We cannot agree with everything anyone says, there will definitely be disagreements which will result In financial costs. Certainly during military conflict, soldiers will be Injured and killed. Decisively, aid Is more beneficial and efficient than defense In terms of Interaction and the benefiting the country. Although defense has a huge Impact on us, It may cause greater threats. It's Important for us to think about what'd happen If things don't go our way, not Just what's good for the country.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Leadership Experience

Leadership experience I naturaly very communicative person and can get on with people easily. This make people around me to feel comfortable and more open. As a result it gives me an opportunity to encourage and enspire them to achieve goal. I have experienced leadership position in high school by organising various event which need to operate defferent tasks and motivate my collegue to work. Afterwards, in my recent summer internship, I explored my leadership potential by being able to conrol people at my work place during compliting the task, evethough I was a new member of company.I very value fairness. In my high school teacher were putting the grades unfairly. It was depending on personal connections, whereas meant to level of knowledge and hard work done. At the end of the studying year my tutor came to a few students and asked them to buy some presents or flowers for those teachers who did put a lower grade. So I was very unhappy about this situation, some students were studyi ng harder but got lower result. If it continuous students might not have too much interest and motivation.I came to my tutor and explained that everyone aware of their way of putting grades. I made an appointment with priciple and told him about situation and asked for some actions against this. As a result he took more close surepvisory under tutors and other teachers. I am very interested on traveling. In my young age I visited various parts of the World. I have seen developing Bali/Seichells Island/Botswana/Zimbabve/Jamaica/Cuba, progressing South Africa/Mexico/Argentina/Cayman Islands, competative Brazil and other countries.It gives me an overview of differce between regions. It is not only about language it about the whole culture. It is interesting to watch how some countries developing whereas other are already developed and fight for market place I would like to apply my theoretic knowledge into the practice. Also, I am very communicative person and I find it usefull to meet with different people in order to exchange the knowledge, ideas and expereince and I believe that Royal Bank of Scotland will be able to provide it for me!

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Satellite Offices Help Improve Work-Life Balance

Satellite offices to help improve work-life balance TAN WEIZHEN – 09 MARCH SINGAPORE — To support the quest for better work-life balance, the Government will be carrying out various initiatives to support working from home, such as the introduction of satellite offices located nearer to homes. These Smart Work Centres will come with facilities and will be shared by employees of different companies, said Minister for Communications and Information Dr Yaacob Ibrahim, who also announced improvements to infrastructure for services like  [email  protected], during his ministry’s Committee of Supply debate yesterday.Noting that several Members of Parliament (MPs) had called for greater use of technology to boost productivity, Dr Yaacob said home-based work â€Å"can help Singaporeans better balance their work-life commitments and minimise travel during peak hours†. Singapore’s economy would also benefit from the increased labour force participation, w hile businesses could derive long-term cost savings in office space rental. The Infocomm Development Agency (IDA) is working with the National Library Board to pilot such centres at selected libraries.The Public Service will also be piloting this concept at several ministry buildings, including the Treasury, for use by public officers from participating agencies. The agency has also embarked on pilots for home-based work with six companies from the healthcare, education and telecommunications industries. Among them is home-nursing care provider Rasa Sayang, which allows nursing staff to access assignments and information on patients remotely.Meanwhile, the capacity and speed [email  protected]  will be ramped up and its login process simplified. Instead of having to repeatedly enter one’s login information, the improved network will be able to recognise registered users through the SIM cards in their phones. The IDA will also be revising the Code of Practice for Infocommu nication Facilities in Buildings to ensure buildings set aside adequate space to support quicker deployment of mobile services.Telcos have long had issues with building owners who either delayed the process or rejected such requests, leading to a slowdown in works to improve the mobile networks. Five MPs yesterday called for the greater use of ICT to help businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, to boost their productivity, as they undergo restructuring over the next few years.Mr Sitoh Yih Pin (Potong Pasir) said: â€Å"This can include a one-stop training centre to equip SME staff with the skills to use ICT, as well as getting SME owners to adopt ICT in their business in a holistic way, so as to overcome the current and near future manpower crunch. † Mr Low Thia Khiang (Aljunied GRC) added that internet speed is critical to home-based work initiatives, and questioned why speed is not part of the IDA’s quality standards. Responding, Dr Yaacob said the minis try does its own studies for broadband speeds. Tan Weizhen

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

International Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Financial Management - Assignment Example Pertaining to planned investments in South Africa by Neptune, this report outlines the possible threats of local firms’ resistance and how Neptune might respond to them. Finally, the report outlines the effects of currency variation of citing production abroad, if Neptune let sales in South Africa to be in Rand. Effects of the Possibility that the United States will take Action to reduce its Current Account Deficit on Neptune The current account deficit refers to a situation where the total imports into a country exceed the total exports (RupyaGyan, 2013). Reduction of the current account deficit means a reduction in the quantity and value of imports and an increase in the quantity and value of exports. The major aim of this move is to encourage and promote exports while protecting local firms of a country. However, it should be noted that a switch in expenditure from foreign to home goods reduces foreign income (Jones, 2003, p, 641). For instance, For instance, industrial cou ntries sought to reduce their current account deficits by reducing oil imports or increasing their exports to other countries. As exports increase, current account deficit reduces (Siddaiah, 2010, p, 71). The possibility that the United States will take action to reduce its current account deficit will pose various effects on Neptune Plc. ... Effects on Neptune Plc if it continues to Export Water Pumps to the United States If the United States’ government takes action to reduce its current account deficit, then the government’s main objective will be to reduce imports to its country and increase its exports. Most governments use the policy of reduction of the current account deficit to divert the expenditure of consumers away from imports and direct it towards home produced goods. Countries limit imports to reduce current account deficit (Neave, 2009, p, 301).This means that, as United States’ residents turn their attention to home produced water pumps, they will spend more in purchasing American manufactured water pumps and spends less in buying foreign manufactured water pumps that have been exported to the United States. Consequently, the demand for foreign manufactured water pumps, Neptune Plc’s water pumps being among the category is likely to reduce drastically. This is because Neptune Pl c manufactures water pumps in Europe and exports to the United States of America. Consequently, this will lead to a decrease in profits because sales shall have decreased because of that scenario. The possible ways that the United States’ Government can use to reduce the current account deficit include demand-switching policies, foreign goods demand reducing policies and supply side policies (Gillespie, 201, p, 493). The use of tariff levies means that the United States’ Government will impose tax on imports. Definitely, imports’ prices will go up. This is because foreign companies that export goods to the United States, Neptune Plc being one of them, will raise prices of their water pumps to maintain their profit levels. As the prices of

Monday, October 7, 2019

Carrico Ending 42 Years On High Court Research Paper

Carrico Ending 42 Years On High Court - Research Paper Example Appointed judiciary members, unlike elected ones, are likely to be impartial. Effective judiciary systems are those that consist of appointed judges because they do not have to seek popularity among the masses, unlike the elected judges do. Mandatory retirement provisions ensure that the judiciary remains effective in delivering quality public service. They establish racial and gender equality among male and female, white and non-white judges. These provisions allow for continuity in the judiciary with the incorporation of fresh talent from young judges. Carrico Ending 42 Years on High Court Ethical advantages and disadvantages of an appointed vs. an elected judiciary There is a current tag of forces in various American states as they consider switching from appointing their members of judiciary to electing them. One of these States is Tennessee, where the judicial bench has always been appointed since the 1970s, but the system is being flawed by conservative legislators whose opinio n is that appointed judges are unaccountable to the electorate. Accountability is thus one of the greatest advantages of an elected judiciary as opposed to an appointed one. ... Besides, majority of the public is disinterested in judicial elections and would not give them the attention given to presidential elections, for example. This means that the current judges who would be most profound would be easily believed by the public leading to voting back incumbent judges regardless of their suitability for the positions. On the other hand, appointed judges are in a better position to do their work in a non-partisan manner, without their rulings being influenced by the opinions of their electorate. Electing members of the judiciary thus has a disadvantage of influencing elected judges to rule in favor of popular opinion (Packer, 2007). Putting judges in a position to seek votes from the public also means that they have to seek funds to drive their campaigns. Those who grant them funds would often have vested interests in the judges perhaps to influence the outcome of certain cases, which creates a opportunity for corruption in the electoral system of the judici ary. Appointing judges for lengthy periods of time or for a lifetime has also been a successful way of running the judicial system as in the case of retiring Chief Justice Carrico, who has served at the high court for 42 years without compromising his standards of service. When members of the judiciary are appointed for lengthy periods, they are not put in any compromising situation to woo the public and other supporters for anything. This ensures that they carry on their duties with diligence without compromising their duties and positions. This has been successful with Carrico and it can be with other judges as well, as long as periodic performance reviews are carried out to determine whether they remain on the bench or not. Ethical advantages of

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Sale of Goods Act 1979 Commercial law (uk) Assignment

Sale of Goods Act 1979 Commercial law (uk) - Assignment Example If one were to adopt the narrow semantic position in this discussion, then one could conceivably argue that The Sale of Goods Act 1979 is more suitable as a commercial code. After all it was created specifically to address itself to commercial transactions between parties. In that these transactions almost always pertain to providing a good for a fee, this type of undertaking in an of themselves can be classified as a commercial transaction. The thrust of the Sale of Goods Act and its intent is to provide a net for all transactions; consumer and business. When one views the Act in its totality, it is readily discernable that it is an interchangeable document. Which attempts to address all of the possibilities which might surface during the course of a transaction. It was through the formulation of contracts that man was able to expand the acts of liaise faire and enter into deals. A contract is formed by agreement between two parties to the contract; the parties must choose to enter into a binding agreement; in a ordinary buyer to seller contract this may entail; the seller agrees to provide the buyer an item at a stated price. The seller (may be implied or explicit) then agrees to deliver the item in a reasonable or merchantable (satisfactory) condition to the buyer. The buyer having agreed with the conditions of the purchase agrees to pay the seller his previously stated price upon delivery of the item.... price upon delivery of the item. This is a bilateral contract, wherein each party has taken on an obligation to do something, in return for something. The promise which has been made by each party makes the "verbal" contract (may be formal or informal), binding. If any term or condition in this legally binding contract is breached by either party, the contract can then be voided. 3 As we find in Baldry v. Marshall [1925]; B owned a racing car but his wife refused to ride in it. He approached M, a car dealer, requesting details of Bugatti cars, about which he (B) knew nothing. He asked for a car that would be comfortable and suitable for touring purposes, and the dealer recommended a Bugatti. B agreed to buy a Bugatti; after inspecting the chassis. Once completed, it was obvious that the car was a racing car and not suitable for touring. He returned the car and sued for one thousand pounds that he had already paid under the contract. The court held; that B had relied upon the skill and judgement of M, and that it was in the course of M's business to supply cars. Hence, there had been a breach of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 S 14 (3). When a purchaser relies upon the skill and judgment of a seller and that seller is acting within the course of his business, then the purposes of S 14 (3), goods must be suitable for the purpose made known to the seller if a breach is to be avoided. Even if the goods are of merchantable (satisfactory) quality; other implied terms must be satisfied. S14 (3) precludes the seller from