Brennaghs Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Often when a movie is adapted from a play, there are several aspects which are adjusted or completely lost. This often depends on the directors point of view as well as the casting director. In Kenneth Branagh’s movie “Hamlet'; only a small number of aspects were lost from the movement of the play to the movie. The movie was ‘word for word’ of the play with the exception of a few moved silique. Therefore, the plot or order did not change. The scene where Hamlet meets his father, 1.5, was very well done; conjuring great emotions of fear and suspense. In addition, the final scene was adequately performed evoking anxiety and thrill for the viewer. The ghost of Hamlet was very disappointing at first but later developed into and excellent portrayal. The characters who played Marcellus, the first Grave digger and Oris, Jack Lemmon, Billy Crystal, and Robin Williams respectively, were fairly poor selections by the casting director. They lacked a certain Shakespearian character as famous comedians. It could not be forgotten making the choices dispiriting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “You tremble and look pale'; (1.1.53). The first viewing of the ghost causes the guards great fear. They are unsure if what they have seen is “something more than just fantasy'; (1.1.54). It appears to be the body of the late King Hamlet but perhaps it could be their boggled minds. When the ghost enter a second time, they confirm that it was in fact the ghost of Hamlet. This terrifies and mystifies Bernard, Heratio, and Marcellus. The reader feels all of the emotions along with these characters, as it is expressed through the dialogue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Act 1 Scene 4 and 5, when Hamlet meets and speaks with the ghost of his father, the fear increases. You begin reading faster and feel like you are running after the spirit with Hamlet. The actual conversation between the two is very fast and flows very nicely. Once agin making the scene more intense. Throughout the scene the dramatic effects are heighten by the ghost’s long lamented speeches to his son. The entire scene is one of climactic drama.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie, the ghost first appears to be a statue. He brings about no feelings of horror in the viewer. This sets the viewer up for grave disappointment as in the play it is s... ...p;  Ã‚  Perhaps Branagh used these actors for their names to help pull in the ratings. If this is the case, the ratings would have been high without them. Perhaps, he used them to get the image of them as “uneducated stars'; out of peoples’ minds. Or perhaps they used him for the dame reason. Either way, their parts do not fit the roles they played. Regardless the movie was excellent and it was immensely enjoyed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie kept you at the edge of your seat from the ‘ghost scene’ on. Although it was four hours, it seemed to go by much faster. It is always interesting to see a director’s interpretation or portrayal of the play. Kenneth Branagh did an excellent job. “2 thumbs up!';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an amazing play is moved to a movie, it is very sad to see characters or scenes lost. In Branagh’s “Hamlet'; very little is lost in his adaptation. This is very pleasing as the play is sensational The only problem faced is that of the comedic actors. This did not effect the outcome of the movie and many are looking forward to more of Branagh’s work.

JFK: The Death of a Conspiracy Essay -- History

JFK: The Death of a Conspiracy There is a plethora of conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. They range from the incumbent of the former Soviet Union to organized crime. Pro-conspiracy groups are in agreement with one theory; the United States government covered up the truth of the assassination. The premise of a government conspiracy to cover up of the assassination is laden with insufficient evidence and unproved theories. The truth of the matter is President Kennedy was assassinated by the lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m., President Kennedy was shot as his motorcade drove through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. He was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital and arrived at 12:35 p.m.. The awaiting medical team rushed the President into one of the trauma rooms. According to Artwohl, â€Å"the doctors were not aware of the massive head damage because the huge flap of frontal scalp that was loosened from the head was held in place by the clotting of the blood on the scalp. This concealed the degree of the wound. They were desperate to save the life of the President and examined him quickly without taking the time...to wash off the blood and debris† (1542). The doctors removed the President’s clothing to check the body for other wounds. While Dr. Perry began the tracheostomy, Dr. Jenkins recalled, that Mrs. Kennedy was circling the room with something â€Å"cupped† in her hands. As Mrs. Kennedy passed by, she nudged Jenkins with her elbow and handed him â€Å"a large chunk o!f her husband's brain.† Dr. Jenkins took the brain matter and handed it to a nurse (Breo 2806). The Parkland Hospital staff worked for twenty-five minutes on the President to no avail. Dr. Clark, who arrived in the trauma room at 12:50 p.m., pronounced the President dead at 1:00 p.m. (2804,6). The President’s body was then wrapped in sheets, placed in a casket, loaded onto a waiting hearse, and transported to the airport. The body was then placed on board Air Force One, the presidential plane, where Mrs. Kennedy and the newly sworn in President, Lyndon Baines Johnson, departed for Washington D.C. While the body of the President was on its way to Washington, Bethesda Naval Hospital made preparations to receive it. The three doctors chosen to do the autopsy were Commander James Humes, M.D., director of labs at the Naval ... ... condition. â€Å"...it was flattened towards its base† (1552). It is not unusual for this type of bullet to incur little or no damage when entering a body. One reason is, this high velocity, heavy-metal-jacket bullet loses very little velocity and does not, usually, tumble or deform when passing through a body (Artwohl 1542). Conspiracy theorists believe that the burning of Dr. Humes autopsy notes constitutes a cover-up by the government. This is not true. The reason he burned the notes was two-fold. One reason was he had stained the notes with the blood of the President, and two, the notes were to be submitted as part of the autopsy report. To have had blood on the notes, would have not been acceptable. Dr. Humes makes the point that he burned his notes only after he transcribed them â€Å"verbatim† to another autopsy form (Breo 2799). Many conspiracy theorists are unanimous in believing that the assassination was a cover-up concocted by the military, the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.), the F.B.I., the Secret Service, and other government agencies to disguise medical evidence that the President was â€Å"publicly executed† in Dealey Plaza by more than one gunman (Artwohl 1540).

Egypt Art History Essay

The materials used to create these sculptures symbolized the pharaoh’s timelessness and eternal life, the body of the pharaohs symbolized the power given to them by God, and the formal design qualities showed the religious and political qualities in the statues. The statue of Khafre and Akhenaton reflects the political and religious climates of their time through the use of medium which symbolized the pharaoh’s eternal life and timelessness, and through formal qualities which symbolized the hidden religious meanings inside the sculpture. The seated statue of Khafre reflects the political and religious climates of his time through the statue’s medium, function, formal qualities of design, and iconography. The statue is made of diorite, an extremely valuable, un-breakable stone, which symbolizes Khafre’s unwavering power as pharaoh. Khafre’s body shows that this was how a king was supposed to be portrayed, a perfect divine being that is flawless. The intertwined lotus and papyrus plants symbolize the unification of Egypt. Horus the sky god is shown extending his protective wings to shelter the pharaoh’s head. The statue plays an important role in the afterlife, it served as a resting place for the pharaoh’s ka, his life force that accompanied him even in the afterlife. The Statue of Akhenaton showed the political and religious climate that he ruled in through the use of formal qualities, and iconography. Akhenaton’s statue was made of sandstone, different than the un-breakable stone that Khafre’s statue was made of that symbolized his divine power as king. The use of sandstone here shows the abandonment of old kingdom practices. Akhenaton’s body is extremely different and shows him as an androgynous figure attempting to portray as Aton, the sexless sun disk. This statue symbolizes the change in religion, from a polytheistic based belief, to a monotheistic religion centered on the worship of Aten, or Aton, the sun god. The statues of Khafre enthroned, and Akhenaton from the temple of Aton, reflect the political and religious climates of their time. The formal qualities of both statues represent their political stand and their religious views. Although they are very different, they are also very similar at the same time. Enthroned Khafre shows him as an idealized being with a perfect body that portrays him as a deity and shows his power as pharaoh. The statue of Akhenaton on the other hand, shows himself as a realistic being with curved hips and female like figures. Although he does not look like an idealized being like in the old kingdom, he is still portrayed as a deity trying to imitate the sexless sun God Aton. Akhenaton was able to be portrayed as a deity despite his realistic form due to his political power and his ability to change the country’s religion. The statue of Khafre and Akhenaton both reflected their political and religious climates through the statue’s medium, formal qualities, and iconography. These statues although very different, are very similar in portraying how a king was portrayed in different times and yet still looked like a deity.

Detergent Powder

Introduction Detergent is a material intended to assist cleaning. The term is sometimes used to differentiate between soap and other surfactants used for cleaning. The term detergent by itself is sometimes used to refer specifically to clothing detergent, as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents. Bangladesh has a detergent market of about 8. 8 billion taka of which Unilever occupies a share of 48% making it the market leader. The major competitor brands in the detergent market for RIN are Keya, Chaka and Jet, Surf Excel.To fight this steep competition the above mentioned companies constantly run consumer promotion in hope to sell more than the respective competitors. Although this strategy worked well at first but with the passage of time, the intense consumer promotions have done little to prevent Unilever from loosing shares to its competitors. In 2004, Wheel (which is now RIN), Unilever’s largest detergent brand ran about nine consumer promotions where as i n 2005 it ran no consumer promotions at all. Consumer promotion over all is a very expensive affair.Unilever has the largest brands of detergent and so the cost of providing a consumer promotion offers is also large by the same proportion. Besides the competitor brands are known to involve in some unfair practices. They pay a very low wage rate to their labors so overhead costs are low, they under invoice their imported raw materials so that they can evade import taxes and other duties, so they save a lot of money in the process. They can then utilize this money for consumer promotion and other competitive activities that can earn them a higher share of the market.Therefore it is imperative that consumer promotions and other dependant elements have to be studied, to make sure that if a consumer promotion activity is implemented it is a highly effective one. This way, precious monetary resources have the minimum chances of being wasted. To understand the competition in the detergent market better price perceptions and product quality perceptions about the brands of detergent on promotion are also considered being worth studying. To look at market share issues, the brand loyalty element should also be explored. 1. 1 Brief Overview about the Detergent MarketThe use of washing powder started rising from late nineties after Unilever Bangladesh entered the market with its ‘Wheel' brand washing powder. Local brand Jet was the lone player in the washing power segment prior to Unilever's entry. Wheel Washing Powder (WWP) was launched in August of 1997 by leveraging the equity of the Wheel laundry soap. Wheel laundry soap was considered the best soap and stood for quality and care. The brand was initially launched and replaced the NSD powder brands of Unilever. WWP was launched with two stock keeping units (SKUs), 500g and 1 KG and achieved a volume of 2,280 tons in 5 months.Despite a price increase from beginning of the following year the brand showed a strong gr owth achieving the total annual volume of 12,700 tons; a third SKU of 40g was added to the brand during the year. 1999 a second price increase was taken for the larger two SKUs but the brand continued to show good growth, ending the year with a volume of 22,800 tons. A major re-launch was rolled out in beginning of 2000 for the brand, during the re-launch the packaging was significantly improved, the perfume was also improved and the proposition changed from lemon to Powerons.The innovation was a response to the launch of the competition Aromatic Washing powder. Prior to the re-launch, the competition was aggressively blocked with continuous promotion behind the brand. After the re-launch the brand grew and countered the competition in 2000, achieving a volume of 29,500 tons. In order to get an even faster growth in 2001 vs. 2000; the brand was aggressively promoted- which yielded in a growth of 43%; ending the year with a volume of 42,200 tons. With the explosive growth of WWP in 2 001, it attracted competition like Chaka and Keya, both of which entered the segment in beginning 2002.In order to contain competition and continue the growth of 2001, WWP maintained the high degree of promotions (free volume promotions) it failed to deliver any considerable growth as expected, however the volume sales increased to 46,500 tons. During the year WWP was re-staged with the ingredients changing from â€Å"Powerons† to â€Å"Powerfoam†. In 2003, WWP promotions were predominately cross-brand promos, with the cost born by the other brand. This resulted in good growth for WWP in 2003, ending the year with 48,000 tons.During the period of 2002 onward, the brand has been losing shares to competition and in order to differentiate the brand further a relaunch was planned in 2004 Q1. The RL involved incorporation of coloured granules to the powder and increase in incorporation of perfume by 25%. However there was no change in the formulation of the powder. Post the re-launch the share decline has not stopped, despite heavy support behind the brand. Unilever is now the leader in the market controlling half of the total washing powder market, the size of which was nearly Tk 450 crore in 2007, up from about Tk 360 a year ago. 1. 2 Market trendsToday’s consumer-oriented marketplace is characterized by a countless number of products and brands. Globalization causes increased competition, national borders disappear, consumers demand more and more, and the pressure on producers to efficiently and effectively live up to consumer’s expectations keeps increasing. For companies to survive these difficult circumstances and to secure their growth and market share figures, proper marketing techniques are of utmost importance. Besides printed and non-printed advertising techniques (such as TV and radio commercials, public relations and sponsorships), sales promotions try to attract consumers.Sales promotions can take many different forms and a distinction can be made between price and non-price sales promotions. 1. 3 Background Sales promotions have been studied very extensively over the past decades. The research findings from Blattberg, Briesch and Fox (1995) provide a perfect base to a short overview of promotional topics and generalizations regarding sales promotions. Nine generalizations regarding sales promotions are made that summarize sales promotion literature so far: – â€Å"Price promotions significantly increase sales – Brands with higher market share are less deal elastic Consumers’ reference prices are influenced by the frequency of deals – The more often a promotion occurs; the lower is the respective sales increase – Cross-promotional effects are asymmetric – The pass-through rate of retailers to consumers is less than 100% – Support promotions like displays and advertising that accompany a price promotion have a great impact on sales – Advertised p romotion can increase store traffic – Promotions affect sales in complementary and competitive categories† (Blattberg, Briesch ; Fox, 1995) Statement of the ProblemThere are many companies that are operating to serve the detergent markets; as a result the competition has heightened. Consumer promotions are being heavily used in the detergent markets to increase sales of each available brand. Consumer promotions, when implemented use up a lot monetary resources. Failure to implement the consumer promotion activity effectively may result in major loss of money. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between consumer promotions, price perceptions with product quality perceptions and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh. LimitationsThere are vast amounts of information and write-ups relating to the topics of this research that are present in the internet and various other sources, but it were not possible to gain acce ss to many such information. So missing out some important aspect of the discussed topics can be a possibility. There is a major time constraint in doing the research work and preparing the report, a much larger pool of information could have been dealt with if there was more time to analyze them. A minimal sample size will be used for this research; if a larger sample was taken into consideration the research would have been more accurate.The survey will be conducted in Dhaka city which could be a possible reason for the people’s mind set to be similar and survey results not being very different from each other, the results could be different if people from outside metropolitan cities were brought under consideration. Literature Review Consumer Promotion Consumer promotion is thought to be a tool that helps manufacturers and retailers to achieve their objectives of generating sales (Alvarez and Casielles, 2004). Consumer promotion (e. g. oupons, samples, contests, sweepstake s, and price packs) is a part of sales promotion that is targeted towards the final buyers of consumer products (Kotler and Armstrong, 2002). There can be various types of consumer sales promotion some are incentive based while others are communicative in nature (Kotler et al. , 1999; Tellis, 1998). The incentive based promotions can be price – oriented promotion or non price-oriented promotion. According to Britannica (article 21279) advertising presents a reason to buy a product but consumer promotion offers a short-term incentive to purchase.Consumer promotions often attract brand switchers (those who are not loyal to a specific brand) who are looking primarily for low price and good value. Abraham and Lodish (1987) stated that many consumer goods categories sold 90% of their volume on special deals which is a result of consumer promotion. They also stated that the influence of sales promotions on the consumer will also depend on the consumer’s characteristics. Prom otions Price PromotionNon-price Promotion Promotion Packs Sampling POS Advertising Loyalty Discount Premiums DisplaysCoupons Sweeptakes Promotion Packaging Rebates Events Others From Sales Promotion by Gedenk; K. Neilson, Page- 34. Consumer benefits of sales promotions Benefits of sales promotions to consumers are numerous. Chandon, Wansink and Laurent (2000) for example distinguish six different types of consumer benefits regarding sales promotions: monetary savings, quality, convenience, value expression, exploration and entertainment. The first and most obvious benefit a consumer might encounter from a sales promotion is the monetary saving they provide.Second, consumers consider normally unaffordable products now to be in their choice set and therefore encounter the quality benefit. The convenience benefit, thirdly, is achieved by reduced search and decision efforts since sales promotions’ promotional status is advertised. Fourth, â€Å"sales promotions can enhance consu mers' self-perception of being smart or good shoppers and provide an opportunity to reaffirm their personal values† (Chandon, Wansink & Laurent, 2000) which is translated into the value expression benefit.The exploration benefit is achieved by the ever-changing shopping environment that provides stimulation for consumers’ information need. Last but not least, the sixth benefit consumers might encounter from sales promotions is the entertainment benefit. Sales promotions are often simply fun to see or to participate in (Chandon et al. ). Interesting to see is that consumers experience (either conscious or unconscious) more benefits from sales promotions than are often thought of. Price Perceptions According to Schiffman and Kanuk (2004) price perception is about how customers see a product’s price, as high, low or fair.They also stated that perception of price unfairness affect consumers’ perceptions of value and ultimately their willingness to buy a produc t. According to Moore et al. (2003) years of research concerned with price show both positive and negative perceptions serve as marketplace cues. Several studies have also portrayed the role of price perceptions as an attribute to success (Jiang and Rosenbloom, 2004). When the price perceptions are high this is a sign of positive quality, prestige and status (Moore et al. , 2003). The concept of reference price is related to price perceptions.Schiffman and Kanuk (2004) stated that reference price is the price the consumers use as a basis for comparison in judging another price. It is through reference price that the price perception of a brand of product is formed. When the consumer plans to buy a product, he or she will judge prices comparatively with the reference prices in order to determine whether the price is acceptable or not (Alvarez and Casielles, 2004). They also stated that, a result of consumers’ comparison between the prices and the reference price, potential los ses and gains emerge.The consumer perceives a gain when the reference price is higher than the observed price. If the observed price is higher than the reference price, the consumer experiences a loss. Product Quality Perceptions Product quality perceptions represent consumer judgment about the superiority of a product, which the user-based approaches think is essential in describing quality (Forker et al. , 1996). Bundles of attributes together represent a certain level of quality, which therefore provide utility to the customer (Snoj et al. 2004). The benefits are measured through a perceived level of quality (level of working superiority), a bundle of attributes in comparison with the consumer’s expectations. Schiffman and Kanuk (2004) stated consumers often judge the quality of a product on the basis of a variety of informational cues that they associate with the product. They also stated that the cues can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic cues are related to th e physical characteristics of the product itself, like size, colour, flavour, aroma etc.The extrinsic cues on the other hand are related to elements that are put together with the actual product like packaging, pricing, advertising etc. The perceived quality of products and services is central to the theory that strong brands add value to consumers' purchase evaluations (Low and Lamb, 2000). Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is the ultimate desired outcome of consumer learning (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2004). According to Rawly and Dawes (1999) brand loyalty is the likelihood of positive attitudes and behaviors of consumers towards a particular brand, this could amount to repeat purchase and positive word of mouth.They also stated that a loyal customer base is an asset for a company and it reduces the need for seeking new customers. It is also a known fact that retaining current customers requires less money and effort than getting new ones. The strongest measure of brand value is the loyalty a company produces among customers (Aaker, 1996). Rowley and Dawes (1999) stated that to understand brand loyalty better the following components of attitude model should be considered: 1. Cognitive component – associated with a â€Å"rational† decision making based on informational determinants. 2.Affective component – associated with emotions and feelings about the product or service. 3. Co native components – associated with a behavioral disposition. Research Questions The following questions have to be addressed for the study: 1. Is there any significant relationship between consumer promotion and product quality perception in the detergent market of Bangladesh? 2. Is there any significant relationship between price perception and product quality perception in the detergent market of Bangladesh? 3. Is there any significant relationship between consumer promotion and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh? . Is there any significant relat ionship between price perception and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh? 5. Is there any significant relationship between product quality perception and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh? Hypothesis The hypothesis that can be derived from the research questions are: 1. There is significant relationship between consumer promotion and product quality perception in the detergent market of Bangladesh. 2. There is significant relationship between price perception and product quality perception in the detergent market of Bangladesh. . There is significant relationship between consumer promotion and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh. 4. There is significant relationship between price perception and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh. 5. There is significant relationship between product quality perception and brand loyalty in the detergent market of Bangladesh. Development of Conceptual Framework * Consumer Promotion * Pr ice perception Product Quality Perception Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of research variables * Consumer Promotion * Price Perception Product Quality Perception Brand Loyalty Figure 2: Conceptual Framework of research variables Methodology Research design The illustrations of the conceptual framework Figure 1 and 2 above give a visual idea of the relationship and structure that exists among the study variables. The main purpose of the research is to assess the existing correlation among the variables. This research is about exploring and understanding the relationship that exists between consumer promotion, price perception with product quality perceptions and brand loyalty in the detergent market.Here in the figure 1the independent variables are assigned to be consumer promotions and price perceptions. The dependant variable on the other hand is product quality perception. In the second figure 2 the independent variables are consumer promotions, price perceptions and product quali ty perceptions, in this case the dependant variable is brand loyalty. So the researcher is attempting to find out, if any changes in the independent variable have a changing effect on the dependant ones as well, thereby proving that a relationship exists.The researcher also tried to find out the degree to which a change in the dependant variables has an impact on the independent ones, in other words the degree of relation is also explored here. Therefore the correlation study was chosen for this research. Sampling method The required data for this research was collected from the regular customers of detergents. There was no particular sample frame available for this research so convenience sampling was used, as it is also the cheapest and the easiest methods of sampling.The sample frame for this research consisted of shoppers (mainly house wives) at different shopping centers and stores etc, and also the parents of school children were included. In the shopping centers the researche r surveyed the people who seemed to be the most appropriate respondent for this kind of survey. The parents of kindergarten students, who spend time waiting for their kids outside the schools, were also surveyed, because they usually have a lot of time to spare and can give valuable inputs. Due to time constraints the survey was conducted in Dhaka city only. Over all there were about a 240 people who participated in the survey.Survey instrument A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of different parts to gather information on the different variables under considerations. With questionnaires, no responses of the respondents can be missed out. It gives more time to the respondents to think and then give the answers. And it is a quicker and cheaper way to conduct the survey. Questionnaires can be conducted in any environment, with minimum influence of the outside environment. Questionnaires also have the advantage of keeping the personal details of the respondents confidential.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In which respondents have to choose one answer from many options. These questions gives a wide choice to the respondents so that they can give the most accurate and reliable answer. LIKERT SCALE Where the respondents are provided with a scale that has a number or brief description associated with each category. This scale is useful as respondents readily understand how to use the scale, making it suitable for almost all kind of surveys. Data Collection The data collection was done through both primary and secondary sources.The primary data was collected through questionnaire surveys and the secondary data was collected from the available archives of Unilever Bangladesh Ltd, for addressing the research questions. Data Analysis This is a study of relationship of various variables. So after the data collection a correlation analysis was performed using the acquired data, to ascertain if relationship between the variables exist or not. For doing the data analysis SPSS 12 was used, because it is a very systematic computer program that can deal with a large amount of data and can give out accurate results.

Hudson’s Bay Company and IBM

Machines and servers are used all over businesses, however it depends on which activity the servers are used for that determines if the server will be beneficial. Each of the 3 servers are used differently and are uniquely designed to assist virtual servers. Full- fertilization has the help of the hypothesis in which divides and keeps each server independent. By keeping the servers independent, resources are not being wasted. This particular server will function correctly without knowing Its running fertilization alone.Still hypocrisies needs help due to the fact that It does so much for the physical servers. Para-fertilization Is a little different because the servers don't have to depend solely on the hypothesis. Para-visualization allows the system's to all work together as an entity so nothing Is working harder than another. SO- level fertilization Is much different than the other 2 virtual servers because the hypothesis Isn't needed at all for stability. Valuations ability teams with SO to perform all of the tasks that hypothesis would yet It's still secluded unlike the other reverse.Now, by doing so the guest servers must all run solely on the so. Hudson Bay Company as well as IBM both bring in numerous amounts of business and fertilization can assist with performing some of the daily tasks. With all of the information and data, optimization can help smooth out some of the tasks. Another reason would be the cost of sources, technology is being used heavily which means it's becoming more and more expensive. Partnering with IBM will save Hudson Bay Company lots of money but mostly energy.Hudson Bay Company is growing rapidly and will be using more power and energy. IBM is very beneficial to Hudson Bay due to their creation of higher/faster speed which requires less servers for companies. The HOB blade has more than one talent, it allows multiple drivers for backup In case of emergencies. HOB plays a huge part in correcting errors and preventing direct softw are problems. The collaboration is beneficial to both companies in which both are becoming more modernized and useful in the land of information technology.

Stakeholders

Resource management In Kenya Is a key aspect that Is observed by various state organs to ensure they are well managed. These resources range from the available land for settlement to the recently discovered minerals such as the oil in Turban region. The status of these resources is usually assessed by means of aerial photographs and Intensive ground trotting. Maps are produced on GIS environment making It possible to store, retrieve and analyses various types of information very quickly.The maps together with the digitized information provide important tools to he management of the resources both natural and man-made thus providing useful overviews for planning, Implementation and monitoring. This information is vital for the government and other stake holders who are Involved In the management, exploitation and control of these resources. Land Is one of the key resources that Its management Is through the adoption of the GIS. The processes of administering and managing land over th e last over 100 years has mainly relied on a paper-based manual system.The hundreds of records generated have since posed a great challenge, and unbearable to effectively refer to scores and retrieve them. As a result therefore, the entire process has become Inefficient, time consuming, unreliable, restrictive, occasioned repetitiveness, unaccountable and costly, undermining efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery by the government departments that are responsible for this process. In order to address these daunting challenges owing to the legacy Paper-Base Systems dating back Into the 1900, there Is need for compensation In terms of allocation and management.This involves converting the existing land records into digital records that will be used electronically while the paper records are stored into an archive. The electronic records will be used in day to day transactions, while the archive records are preserved and will only be used as reference records. In terms of lan d allocation and apportioning, the Geographic Information System should be applied. This will give the accuracy and it will make the allocation process to be more effective and cost effective.Land in Kenya is regarded as the most important asset and It serves a wide range of activities ranging from the farming, settlement to being the primary factor of production for Industries and other processing businesses. Land has been always the contentious issue ever since the time of independence. The major problem in Kenya is the lack of a management plan owing to lack of reliable and up-to-date comprehensive land demarcation maps. Most of the stakeholders don't have access to Information on the changes that have occurred In the lands department in Kenya over period of time. OFF The aim of this proposal is to show how GIS specialist are able to manage captured and processed survey data concerning land distribution and allocation within the associated organization through the development of approaches to achieve information that is â€Å"GIs-ready' and eventually to disseminate the end product geopolitical data over the Internet using current geopolitical handling technology via all appropriate standards. Throughout the research the main objectives can be given as follows: To review the type and format of raw and processed survey and mapping data for the land distribution which have been stored for a long time?To construct a survey data management system to facilitate the combination of data and information from raw and processed survey data from different seamless databases and sources using GIS technique. To design a flow line and modus operandi to remodel and transform the managed survey data into GIs-ready information using contemporary geographic information application and technology. To develop an on- line geographic information system to facilitate the delivery of geopolitical data via the Web to meet the needs of corporate Intranet and demands of worldwide In ternet access. There is need for application of remote sensing and GIS technology in mapping of various areas to show the appropriate distribution, allocation and management of the land. Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used worldwide to assist in gathering and analyzing images acquired from aircrafts, satellites and even balloons. The notable advantages of using GIS include the ability to update the information rapidly, to undertake comparative analytical work and making this information available as required.GIS in addition to providing efficient data storage and retrieval facilities also offers a cheaper option of monitoring land distribution over time. The growth of Internet access and use coupled with advancements in web eased technologies over the past decade has provided new possibilities for the access, delivery and use of geographical information system. (GIS). GIS sector has begun to recognize the importance and role of the web for the dissemination of spatial infor mation, with many GIG technology vendors now offering extended systems of Internet Map Server (M'S) to their desktop products e. . Arches, Comedic, GE Smallwood AIMS. The development of such systems has introduced and highlighted issues pertinent to the use of Geographical Information System via the web for appropriate land distribution and management. For the government to ensure it has achieved its set objects in terms of land management and distribution, there are various initiatives that have been drawn up to bring the country closer to that objective. One of these is the e-government initiative of using technology for the improvement of many services and connectivity of various products.The government should ensure that the data are stored in various seamless databases, data files and image files. These datasets should be able to serve communities who use geopolitical data and information for businesses and developments and telnets. There are a number of applications using GIS technology used in and provide specializes data according to their functions; however in many cases users or even organizations themselves need other datasets for a particular application. The main problem that faces the GIS community nowadays in Kenya and some developing countries is the missing of geopolitical data and information as well as the geopolitical data services on the land related issues. A gap exists between surveying standards and practices and those in GIS. GIS specialists had expressed that surveying community are slow in achieving map and data product, not to mention expensive and unfinished artifacts.They instead produce their own data which do not compromise to the standard of formality in which surveyors respond that clients are confused and given with incorrect norm of data as well as map. This creates misunderstanding and surveyors esteem may be challenged in term of their public mission and work. This mental disagreement at least can be tackled by some availa ble software technology which surveyors can easily incorporate their agreements and calculations into GIS databases that serve all sections and applications in an organization.Survey data should therefore be stored in a GIS environment. CONCLUSION This proposal is intended to explain how to manage survey datasets on resource management through the production of GIs-ready information using appropriate standard and computing application involved. The Government and stake holders should come together and realism there is need of training the specialist who are able to handle GIS and Remote Sensing applications. This will help during planning, monitoring and distribution of the essential resources. Stakeholders Currently, 29 floor commercial towers of GIFT have been completed and the full project is estimated to be completed by 2017. The purpose to build this huge project is to provide world class infrastructure to a broad range of finance and tech firms from different parts the country. It will comprise of Software Technology Parks of India (STEP) units, malls, Special Economic Zone (SEE), integrated townships, hotels, stock exchange, international techno park and various service units. (2011) A 50:50 Joint venture company â€Å"Gujarat International Finance Etc-City Company Limited† (GIFT) is eating this project for which I am the project manager.This company is the Joint venture of Government of Gujarat (GO) with its undertaking Gujarat Underdevelopment Company Limited (GUIDED) and International Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS). (2011) Gujarat Under Development Company limited (GUID) assists capacity building and project implementation. And IL&FS incorporated in 1987 provides financial services for the development of core infrastructure areas. Over the years IL&FS has increased its shareholdings including State Bank of India, IRIS Corporation of Japan and ABA Dhabi Investment Authority.The aim of this project is to build a CB that will provide as a paradigm for the next world class city in terms of infrastructure, quality of life and work. It is designed as a hub for the global financial service sector showcasing business orientated growth with equity. It has the state of the art connectivity and transportation access, thus providing a better quality of life and treating it as a precious resource. GIFT would provide 5, 00,000 direct and indirect Jobs which would require 62 million square feet of real estate offices. This will attract top talent in the country who aims at living the best quality of life.GIFT is a Financial and Information Technology hub and is designed to be at par with other world class financial centers in Tokyo, Paris, London, etc. (20 14) All the best and major companies are involved in this project for electricity, piped gas, Telecoms, Air conditioning and all the basic necessities of life. The targeted business divisions of GIFT are the banking sectors, Asset management companies, IT services, BOP and KOP services. Now, for this big project to be completed different associates and consultants are part of this project which our company GIFT would be dealing with.I m the project manager and responsible for this big and important project to be completed without no delays and no failures. Every mega project has stakeholders both external and internal. Stakeholder management process conducted efficiently facilitates in improving the project. 2. 0 Stakeholders: Stakeholders are any group or individuals that are actively involved in the project and whose interest may be affected by the achievement of the corporation. These are those groups or people that have vested interest in the success of the project and environme nt within which the project operates.A majorette has group of takeovers associated throughout its lifestyle. The composition of stakeholders varies from project to project. Stakeholders are classified according to their relationship to the project. Rodgers 2000) 2. 1 Internal stakeholders: Internal stakeholders are the primary stakeholders that are directly, financially and legally associated with the project. They can be project owners, client organization, project management team, customer user, employees and financial creditors. Internal stakeholders are formally connected with the project. 2. External stakeholders: External stakeholders are the secondary stakeholders that do not have a ramifications associated with the project and are not directly employed by the company. They may comprise of customers, clients, wholesalers, local and national government bodies, social and political organizations, nearby residents, media, social services, etc. 3. 0 Identification of GIFT Stakeho lders: stakeholders associated with it. 3. 1 The Promoters: Gujarat Urban Development Company Limited (GUID) which is government body that assists the state government for the urban development and formulation of policies.This stakeholder would facilitate sustainable development of urban areas for achieving high living standards. Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services (IL&FS) is another promoter for this project that was promoted by Central Bank of India (CB), Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HEAD) and Unit Trust of India (UT'). They focus on core development areas with their financial services. 3. 2 The Associates: East China Architectural Design Institute (ACADIA) and Firewood India Put Limited are responsible for the design and architecture of the GIFT.McKinney and Company, Jones Lang Losable Meghan and McMahon & Tabor are responsible for market demand assistance. Hewitt has been assigned for the talent demand assessment. British Telecoms is responsible for CIT services and its applications. ABA group of Switzerland will be responsible for supplying electricity and setting up of power grids. (2011) The general public, local public of Gujarat, local and national level bodies of Gujarat, media, nearby residents to the location of the project and social services like schools, hospitals fall under stakeholders of this project. . 0 Classification of GIFT stakeholders: There are a lot of stakeholders for this project as GIFT has asked for the services from different sectors for the successful completion of the project yielding maximum infinite. And there are important as well as less important stakeholders. The role of the project manager is not only to understand the technical specifications and features but also the people associated with it, links between the technology, environment and communities associated with it..As the project manager for the company, I have to deal them with all at some stage or the other. Stakeholders for my comp any are categorized on the scale of interest and power ranging from low level to high level. They are assessed according to their level of interest compared to the power they possess to exercise those interests. 4. Stakeholder Matrix: Below is the Stakeholder matrix describing the different types of stakeholders according to their interests and power in this project. (Oleander 2006) Stakeholder Matrix 5. Engagement with the stakeholders: Large scale projects sometimes easily fail when we neglect to engage the key stakeholders of the project. Project managers and teams spend months and years to complete a project but fails due to the insufficient shortages of internal and external resources. The key is to follow a systematic approach for engaging with the stakeholders at various levels depending on their importance. It is important to view he stakeholder landscape from multiple dimensions, inside and outside the organization. (Sahara 2008) 1.Key Stakeholders: High interest and high p ower The key stakeholders mentioned in the table are the first and foremost ones I as a project manager have to satisfy them as they have the power to affect the company and a high degree of likelihood that they will use their power. Gujarat International of India and state government have to be communicated effectively and correctly to take approvals for the legal formalities. Gujarat Urban Development Authority is one of the key stakeholders for acquisition of land. Before the start of the project all the legal permissions and formalities has to be done.For approval of Special Economic Zones (SEE), Ministry of Commerce (Gobo. Of India) is another important stakeholder. (2014) GAUD, central Civil Aviation department, environmentalists and micro zoning are some more key players that have the highest interests and power for the project to be initiated and completed. So having formal meetings, permissions and approvals for the same have to be done at early stages for the kick start of the project. These stakeholders are directly involved with setting program vision and goals for overall aerogram leadership and management.These stakeholders have the power to formally instruct change and even can stop the work. So, the senior government officials of the Gujarat Urban Development Company Limited (GUIDED) and Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL) have to be informed at every stage in the project for their approval. The Coo's and COO's of both the companies are directly involved at early stage because ultimately they are responsible for the successful completion of the project. The second and important stakeholders of these kinds are the associates associated with the project. They are big shot impasses that are the best in their fields.They have the say in every new building or tower of GIFT that has to be built. These are: Consortium of Firewood India Put. Ltd. And East China Architectural Design Institute (DEAD) which are responsible for the design of t he entire project. So the officials of these companies are involved at every stage for further development of the project. Market Demand Assessment companies (McKinney & Company). British Telecoms for CIT services have been appointed for the IT services and its applications. ABA group of Switzerland is responsible for the power management and power grids.Communications 2013) The services of these companies have been hired by or company at a very high cost due to their excellence in their respective fields. These companies won't stake their reputation for the sake of money and profits made by them in this project. If something goes wrong, they will have the bad name in the industry and may affect worldwide reputation. So they have the highest power and interests and affect the overall development of the project. They have the say at every stage of the project and their advice and suggestions on the project is essential as they will be assessing this entire city.These stakeholders hav e the highest power and interests and their decisions will impact significantly on the project. 2. Keeping stakeholders satisfied: High power but low interests These types of stakeholders have high powers and may not realize the degree of effect they have over the company and therefore must be kept satisfied. For our company the sub-contractors and suppliers constitute these types of stakeholders. Consultation is being taken from the multinational companies but the material will be supplied by the local suppliers and sub-contractors. Every constructional project requires the resources for land placement and buildings.These may include building material, electric components, sewage components, CIT material, power supply material and many more. Most of the materials come from local suppliers and national suppliers and company relies on them for the material. These have high impact on the company but are not aware of the any events taking place and hence these have to be kept satisfied . Similarly, the sub-contractors that supplies labor and workforce constitutes these types of stakeholders. The unions and workforce involved in the construction of the Gujarat International Finance Etc-city are heavily involved in the reject.Our company pays them their wages and salary as suitable to the sub- contractors and they are happy with this. They don't much care about what is happening in the company and when the project will be completed. As long as they get the wages, they are satisfied and keep on working for this entire project. The meetings with the head of the sub-contractor take on a weekly basis as they are mainly concerned with the salaries and wages of their workforce. Similarly, the suppliers for our project supply the material from their stock houses and ware houses and are not aware of any events.Although the material requirement matters he most in a project, but our company pays our suppliers in a timely manner and they are satisfied. So, these kind of stakeh olders have high powers in terms of workforce and building material and have to be kept satisfied. 3. Keeping stakeholders informed: High interest low power These type of stakeholders although have a high interest but has little power to exercise control so they can be maintained through the management of information to keep them informed about the company events.As our company is heading this GIFT project, there are a number of banks and financial companies associated with s. Involving them in every important meeting may lead to confusions which can cause delay in the project. As our company holds different events every month about the new allotments, offers and schemes, these financial banks and authorities can be informed and hence can be kept at a distance. 4. Minimal Effort stakeholders: Low power low interest This type of stakeholders poses no threat to the company due to lack of both power and interest.Our company pays very less focus on this group. These are not directly rel ated to the project but may general interest in the program's outcome. For our reject which in the state of Gujarat, the local social groups, local communities, social services (schools, hospitals, etc), nearby residents, and pressure groups falls under this category. There are different Gujarat Government Departments that may interfere with the project.The meetings with these stakeholders can be held once in 6 months as our company poses no threat from them. A minimum effort is required on them and not much time is wasted on these stakeholders. 5. 1 Stakeholders influence on project lifestyle: Table below summarizes how the project manager approaches different stakeholders n context of their individual relationships. The effect of project life cycle perceived by project manager is done on four main spheres namely: decision making; time; cost and environment.Every sphere is given a rating on the scale from 1-5: 1=Extremely weak; 2=Weak; 3=Neutral; 4=Strong; 5=Extremely strong Table: Stakeholders ranking based on the influence on four project spheres Stakeholder rank Time Cost Environment Project Manager (GUIDED) 4 5 Promoters 2 Associates Contractors 3 Government Authorities ;appliers Trade associations 6 Local Communities 6. 0 Risk Assessment and Management: It is impossible to specify all the risks that arise from development of construction projects. Our project Gujarat International Finance Etc-city (GIFT ) is a billion dollar project and has all kinds of risks associated with it.And as a project manager for this project I would try to manage risks in order to achieve the project objectives in terms of cost, quality, time, safety and environment. There are different types of risks associated which I have classified them into three parts: 1 . Conventional Risks: Reasons Fire Messy storage of wood, use of flammable liquid, use of plastics, welding works, cigarette buds, electric material, etc†¦ Lightning Atmospheric electricity, lightning conductors. Ex plosions Temporary transforms for electricity supply, boilers and compressors. 2.Catastrophic Risks: These risks are known as unforeseen risks and not in our hands as they are consider as Acts of God. They can be: Winds, storms and cyclones Taking not into account the climatic conditions of the construction site. Floods and water induced damages GIFT sits at the banks of Substrata river. Insufficient consideration of the hydrological and meteorological conditions, lack of drainages and scarcity of diversion channels. Earthquakes Seismic in the area not taken into consideration. Ground subsidence and rock falls Lack of good egotistical study, pockets in deeper layers of ground, increase in 3.Risks related to project activities: Cost related risks Tight project schedule, client variation, price inflation of materials, government approvals formalities, dispute occurrence, inaccurate cost estimate and program scheduling. Time related risks Bureaucracy of government, high performance and quality expectations, incomplete approvals of documents. Quality related risks Unsuitable construction planning, variations in construction programs, defects in organism, unskillful and negligence. Environment related risk Low management consultancy, unavailability of environmentalists, noise, sound and air pollution.Safety related risks Scarcity of skilled labor, lack of coordination between project participants, order and cleanliness, unavailability of portable fire extinguishers, etc. So as a project manager I have identified what all risks are involved in construction of GIFT. Risk Management is a procedure of looking at various risks and determining how each should be treated. Tight project schedule is a significant risk related to the project delivery. As time and cost are always related to each other I will prepare a practical schedule allowing a sufficient time to accommodate all design and construction activities.I will establish a team to obtain approval from government a gencies and prepare project reports efficiently. For the design to be accurate and according to the requirements, I will ask the design team I. E. DEAD which is hired for design and development to understand the client's requirement and establish an effective communication plan. Involving the contractors and sub-contractors at early stage can minimize the inaccuracy. Ground testing, soil testing, bore hole and survey tit government agencies would be conducted to reduce unexpected risks.Lack of coordination between project participants leads to chaos and confusion among management teams. A skilled manager would be appointed to manage conflicts between team and program coordination. I would discuss with teams and negotiate with project managers for any design variations or problems in construction. The sub-contractors allocate their manpower to other projects and resources at the same time to maximize profit. So, the sub-contractor would be chosen in such a way that his manpower is de dicated to our only GIFT project so that there is no scarcity of Barbour and man force. Dry Patrick) Gujarat government forms a major role in this project. Maintaining close relationships with government agencies and local government makes the environment friendly and cordial from both the sides. Our project has the top-most officials involved from both the Gujarat government and from International Leasing & Financial Services Limited (IL). These government officials are from the department of Indian Administrative Services (AS). (2011) They affect the development of the project. To sum up, dealing and managing all the risks in our project (GIFT) would result in building a modern India and a world class infrastructure. . 0 Legal liabilities of GIFT: Every government project in India has to abide by the Indian government rules and regulations. GIFT is a mega project been built in Gujarat. It falls under the Jurisdiction of State Government of Gujarat. GIFT is implemented by GIFT whic h is a Joint venture company between the Government of Gujarat (GO) represented by GIG-CDC and Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Construction in India is prone to some form of conflicts and disputes resulting in litigation. Inefficient documentation and project management often results in disputes amongst developers, project manager and contractors.One problem with construction litigation in India is that it is time consuming and courts are not equipped to handle the technical issues emanating from construction contracts. There are various legal liabilities regarding the construction matters. L, as a project manager will take all these legal formalities into account and resolve them at the early stage to prevent delay in the project. Arbitration centre in India known as Construction Industry Arbitration Council (CIA)(2010) is set up by the Construction Industry Development Council, India (CDC) in co-operation with the Singapore International ArbitrationCentre (ASIA) for institutional mechanism for resolution of construction and infrastructure related disputes. So, as a project manager working with Gujarat International Financial Etc-city Limited, I with my full efforts and awareness would work in building this next generation world for our country, the first of its kind in India. 8. 0 References: (2010). (2011). â€Å"Construction Industry Arbitration Council (CIA). † From http://www. CIA. In/. ASSOCIATES. † from http://gift]art. In/gift/partners-advisors. Asps. â€Å"Management. † from http://gift]art. In/management/management. Asps.

The Role of Guilt in Fifth Business

Guilt is a human emotion experienced when one has done something they normally would judge to be wrong and morally incorrect. Throughout the novel, the author, Robertson Davies, demonstrates how guilt can stick with you for many years and how it could affect your life. Guilt plays an enormous role in the novel titled Fifth Business, as it reoccurs all throughout. The author Robertson Davies demonstrates the role and importance of guilt in the novel through the characters named Dunstan Ramsay (Dunny), Paul Dempster and Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy). Dunstan Ramsay’s (Dunny) guilt was caused by an incident that happened when he was younger.The author began the novel by giving a vivid image of Dunny and Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy) sledding. Boy had lost and was both surprised, and humiliated. Dunny than states â€Å"When Percy was humiliated he was vindictive† (Davies 3), meaning he was a sore loser, and sought revenge. This led to Percy attempting to fight Dunny. However instea d of fighting Boy, Dunny began to walk home where Percy continued to harass, and follow him. Dunny being mature, and ignoring him made Percy frustrated and angry, and that’s where â€Å"The unforeseen took over† (Davies 4).Percy Boy being vindictive threw a snowball aiming for Dunny, however he ducked and it hit Mrs. Dempster; the pregnant wife of Reverend Amasa Dempster. This snowball incident led to Mary Dempster going insane, and Paul Dempster’s premature birth. Right after the incident happened; Dunny confronted Boy the next day and said â€Å"†¦ You threw that snowball† (Davies 17) and boy portrayed as an ignorant, heartless young child chooses not to admit his fault and replies that â€Å"I threw a snowball at you† (Davies 17). Dunny feeling really guilty, now feels guiltier.The guilt continued to bother Dunny, as stated in the novel â€Å"So I was alone with my guilt, and it tortured me† (Davies 17). This shows that even if Percy were to admit his fault, Dunny would still feel guilty because he had ducked in front of Mary Dempster. Therefore just like any other kind hearted human, Dunny felt obligated to care for Mrs. Dempster, and her child, Paul Dempster, to lessen his guilt. This obligation drastically changes into a personal commitment of his, and begins to love and care for Mrs. Dempster all resulting from his guilt.Prior to Dunny joining the army and escaping Deptford, he states, â€Å"She did not know how much I loved her and how miserable it made me to defy her, but what was I supposed to do† (Davies 57). Here Dunny is admitting his love for Mrs. Dempster, and he is stating that he feels guilty for both disobeying her, and leaving her for the army. Secondly, the author shows the importance of guilt in the novel through a character named Paul Dempster. Paul was the premature baby that Mary Dempster was pregnant with when she had been struck with the snowball at the very beginning of the novel. The author portrays Paul Dempster as a young innocent boy who does not know the issues he is surrounded by. However as Paul grows older, he gains a better understanding of the things, and people he’s surrounded by. This results in him constantly blaming himself for his mother’s current insanity. He believes that his mother is insane and simple in the mind because of his birth and that if she was not pregnant with him she would be fine. Paul, already feeling guilty, began to feel even more guilt later in the novel due to the townspeople isolating him.â€Å"Paul was not a village favourite, and the dislike so many people felt for his mother- dislike for the queer and persistently unfortunate† (Davies 34). Paul was not liked by most of the people in the village because people thought of his mothers’ insanity as a joke. He states â€Å"†¦ I had to bear the cruelty of people who thought her kind of madness was funny- a dirty joke† (Davies, 140) One of the people who influenced this guilt upon him was his father Amasa Dempster at such a young age. â€Å"My father Always told me it was my birth that robbed her of her sanity† (Davies, 139).All of these factors made Paul want to escape his guilt, which he believed running away from home to join a circus, and become a magician named Magnus Eisengrim was his solution. Later, Paul states â€Å"She is part of a past that cannot be recovered or changed by anything I can do now† (Davies, 139). He feels that he escaped his guilt and that he would leave all of that negativity of his mothers’ insanity in the past. Lastly, the author continues to show how guilt has a big role through one of the main characters, named Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy).However the difference between; Boy, Dunny, and Paul is that, both Paul and Dunny had dealt with their guilt from a young age to old. Unlike Paul who was very ignorant and vindictive at a young age, and had forcefully faced his gu ilt in his early 60s. Everyone had forgotten about the snowball incident where Mrs. Dempster had been accidentally hit by a snowball causing her to be simple in the mind (insane) especially Boy. Until Dunny had confronted him 50 years later after the incident occurred â€Å"It is the stone you put in the snowball you threw at Mrs Dempster† (Davies 254).Dunny shows Boy the stone, and states â€Å"The stone in the snowball has been characteristic of too much you’ve done for you to forget it† (Davies 254). Here Dunny is basically telling Boy to own up to his fault and that he cannot live without knowing what he has done in the past. However Boy feels offended and shocked that Dunny would even mention this, after everything he has done for him. Percy begins to ramble â€Å"One thing I’ve done is to make you pretty well-off for a man in your position† (Davies, 254).This shows that the truth of the incident was too much to handle for Percy, and that he d oes not know how to feel about this. Dunny then goes on and explains that he is trying to make him face his wrongs, and live by his morals as he states â€Å"Need we go on with this moral bookkeeping† (Davies, 254). The author then portrays Percy Boy as an immature child, even though he is early in his sixties, because he begins to point fingers, and get off topic mentioning how he stole Leola from him.The subject of the conversation does not to go back to the stone in the snowball; neither does it go forward to any subject. Instead it ends when Eisengrim (Paul Dempster) offers Percy a ride home. We are last left with Percy showing signs of anger and guilt towards Dunny. We than figure out that Percy has mysteriously died, and his body was found in a car later that night, people seem to believe that it was a suicide, â€Å"He was killed by the usual cabal: by himself first of all† (Davies, 256).However to the reader it seems that Paul Dempster’s guilt has not be en left in the past and that it led him to murder Percy Boy Staunton because of what he had done to his mother Mary Dempster years ago. In conclusion the author has shown the importance of guilt and how it has such an enormous role throughout the novel. He has demonstrated the effect and importance it played in the novel through the following characters; Dunstan Ramsay (Dunny), Paul Dempster, and Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy). He has shown how one’s life plays out when dealing with the guilt, and when hiding from it.