Tourism in 21st Century

Tourism in 21st Century Tourism in the face of 21st centurys challenges. 1. Introduction It is difficult to pin-point in a short publication all the problems which will determine the direction of tourisms development in the twenty-first century. This difficulty results from dynamic transformations which are in our modern civilisation. Twenty years ago in his book entitled „The Third Wave†, A. Toffler wrote that humanity will stand in the face of new challenges, and it appears that these processes are in the future. According to the author the title „The Third Wave†, like the previous two indicate, „will squeeze out previous cultures and civilisations bringing its morals into effect, which was inconceivable for people who had been born earlier†1. The speed of our everyday life was considerably slower, as the first wave, the agricultural revolution, needed one thousand years to run its course. The Industrial revolution, or the second wave, needed only three hundred years from the beginning to the end. However, these prior transformations are incomparable to the speed and progress of our modern civilisation. This third wave has been dubbed the technological revolution and is now in process. Some of the more visible processes in our modern life include; the quick development of the technology, the revolution in genetics, the conquest of outerspace, the rapid development of cities, and the changes in our jobs and lifestyles. With this information we can state that A. Toffler was correct in saying „The third wave will burst into history within a few decades time. Thus we will feel the effects of the third wave in our lifetime†2. Tofflers vision of radical changes in economics accompanied by worldviews of new â€Å"liberal opportunities† will create the disintegration of the industrial society. Traditional industries will be replaced with new industries based on modern technology, causing transformation between the relationships of our home and work place, working time and free time, and prosperity ve rsus poverty. The meaning of the natural environment will become more important as the world will be seeking new values resulting in changes of cultures and ideologies. Lifestyles and family functions will change, taking on new meaning with concepts such as science, careers, and unemployment. However, the question remains, what impact will these new changes have on tourism? Will tourism use these opportunities, or will it be an enclave in which we can rest from civilisation? Tourism is a dynamic discipline and is affected by these processes previously discussed. The analysis of trends in the modern tourist market show there are many changes suggesting that tourism in the future will differ from present day affairs. The complexity of tourism will bring about many difficulties throughout its development. J. Krippendorf stated, „ it is possible that tourism, an antidote for the industrial world, has become an industry and predacious devourer of the environment†3. The more difficult challenge of the twenty-first century will be the protection of the environment. Fortunately the tourism industry has begun using modern technology in the fields of computer science, communications, and the building of transportation to preserve the environment. The development of tourism is also known to be an asset to social economics, however, there tends to be strong speculations to the overall benefits in this aspect. Toffler A., The Third Wave, Bantam , New York 1981. Toffler A., Trzecia fala [Tlumaczenie E. Woydyllo], Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warszawa 1997, p. 44. Ibidem. 2. The Conditions and Prognosis in the Development of Tourism at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Consider the further of tourism and the challenges it will face at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The prognosis is very optimistic as suggested in publicised rapport4. The rapport talks about quick development and states that during the next twenty years tourism will be one of the fasts growing departments in the worlds economy. However, tourism is far from the end of its development, as for now it consists of a small percentage of the worlds citizens. The main hazards in development are problems with the political situation in the world, especially conflicts within the Balkans, the instability of the Arab world, and the disorganisation between authorities and conflict in the former territory of the Soviet Empire. Slightly less hazardous factors deal with economics such as recession and the increase of gas prices. Nevertheless the outlook on tourist development remains optimistic5. The quantitative development of tourism is accompanied by multi-aspects including qualitati ve and structural transformations. The recent geopolitical changes made in different regions of the world has had a great influence on the scale and structure of tourism. The downfall of communism and democratisation of societies in former socialist countries are events which have an impact on modern tourism, and other parts of the world have witnessed similar processes within their societies. The development of international tourism will take on new dynamic and important changes in spatial structures. Generally speaking an increase in share of the tourist structure shows no connection with an increase in share of the profit structure. There is no guarantee of an even distribution in the benefits of tourism. A good example is Africa, which last years shares in total scale of tourist arrivals increased while the total scale of shares in receipts from tourism rapidly decreased. The forecasts about the tourism development are made by using econometric models. So, very important to remember is that a basic variable is time. Therefore, forecasting quick develop of tourism, on a base of fast develop of countries like in nineties is risky. A lot of these countries achieved so-called market maturity. The best opportunities for development of tourism are in areas (e.g. China) where its develop is depended on stabilised political situation, what is very far in the future. We cannot forget about that organisations (e.g.WTO) which make forecasts are not impartial. They have got a good interest in forecasting of increasing tendencies. Some interesting changes in the quality of the tourist market are connected with the supply and demand. These aspects of needs, motivations, and demands lead to new directions in tourist firms. A quick tempo of bringing modern technologies into tourism may herald a real revolution in the organisation of the tourist system. These examples show that tourism, like all repeats of civilisation, odder-go changes and the question remains; what tasks will tourism face in the beginning of the new century? There are many factors which will shape the future of the tourist market and it should be noted that some are out of the control of the market. In an attempt to answer some of these questions there must be an analysis of the trends involved with tourism. Some of the more important conditions in the development of the tourist system with the influence of some components are presented in the figure 1. Figure 1. Forces of change in the tourist system. Source: Cooper Ch., Fletscher J., Gilbert D., Wanhill., Tourism Principles Practice, Pitman Piblishing, Surrey 1993, p. 266. The diagram presents two basic groups of factors which will decide about tourism in the twenty-first century. The first group are exterior factors called megatrends. The second group are interior factors connected with the tourist market. Because of the limited frames in this publication the developing megatrends are on table one, while the factors from the second group are in the complex tables. For more convenient analysis they are split into two groups, one concerned with the demand and one the supply. Tables two and three respectively. Krippendorf J., Nieskazona przyroda jako podstawa istnienia turystyki, in: Problemy Turystyki Nr 2/4, Instytut Turystyki, Warszawa 1986, p. 89 and Krippendorf J., The Holiday Makers Understending the Impact of Leisure and Travel, Heinemann Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1987. For example: Travel and Tourisms Economic Perspective A Special Report from The World Travel Tourism Council, WTTC 1995;Tourism 2020 Vision. A New Forecast from the World Tourism Organization. Execxutive Summary, WTO, Madrid 1998;Future Trends in Tourism Executive Summary. Presentation Handout by Karl Obermair, AIT, Stockholm, June 1998. 3. Megatrend Influences on the Tourist Market. The end of the twentieth century was a time of great transformation in all fields of life. There were many fast paced changes throughout social conditions, the economy, and technology, which brought about many transitions within tourism. The constant tendencies to observe and gain knowledge about the markets basic condition are needed to succeed with each activity and the trends within tourism can change quickly. The ability to forecast and stimulate these developmental processes is the key to making the correct decisions for the future. The fluxuation and competition within the tourist market not only requires constant observation and the ability to anticipate change, but also being able to react to the new trend before it becomes the norm. This shows the importance of knowledge in the action of these megatrends, which can be classified into six basic groups; demographics, politics, social and cultural, economics, technology, and ecology. In each of these groups there are positive factors, which will either stimulate or deter the development of tourism, each with variability in strength and effect. These constituents will decide about the dynamics and expansion of tourism with the difficulty being verification. These megatrends, especially demographics, social, cultural, ecology, and technology hold such a strong influence on the maturation of tourism that such events as a political crisis or economic recession (in some regions) would be unable to hinder such progress. Demographic factors, especially: age of societies; tendencies to set up home late; a smaller number of households; a dominant model of family 2+1; increasing number of lonely people; increasing number of childless couples; increasing number of working women. Political factors, especially: changes in Central-West Europe; integration of the European Union; liberalisation of international migrations; convenience passports, foreign currency; unstable political situation in many regions of the world; international terrorism; increased importance of safe travel Social cultural factors, especially: shortened time of working, more free time and longer vacations; increase of time for additional work; earlier retirements; increasing number of two-income households; which were thought of as a healthy life; a family crisis; conflicts between identity and modernisation, especially in developing countries a radical demands and increases of importance of ethnic movement etc. Economical factors, especially: continuation of moderate economical increase in the world scale; a bigger disproportion between rich and poor countries; a bigger financial crisis in a number of countries (especially, among â€Å"economical tigers in South Asia and Pacific); a stable price of petroleum; liberalisation and development of an international trade; capital concentration in worlds economy; globalisation of economical activity; Technological factors, especially: automation and computerisation; developing of telecommunication developing of computing systems; developing of transport and infrastructure (airports, motorways); Ecological factors, especially: smaller environmental resources a greater ecological awareness in society; governments concern with environment; conflicts causes by developing of a big agglomerations ( in developing and use of modern technologies in everyday life (household articles, sport, tourist equipment); developing of soft technologies; developed countries ); development of the ecological movement international collaboration in field of natural and cultural environment protection; 4. The Main Trends in Tourist Demands There are many interesting publications about change within the field of tourist demands and many studies, which analyse the direction of these changes in development, have been publicised recently. The majorities are unanimous regarding the expansion and direction on the transformations of demands, so much so that there is even an accepted concept known as â€Å"Hard and Soft Tourism†. It is based on the observational changes within the sphere of former and actual clients in travel agencies and set the standard characteristics of two opposite kinds of tourism: the traditional tourist and the modern tourist. These are presented in table 2. Table .2. Tourist demand changes. Conception of â€Å"Hard Soft Tourism. Hard Tourism. Characteristic of so far tourism† Soft Tourism Characteristic of future tourism† Package tours; Individual travelling ; A lot of time, short-term residences; A lot of time, long-term residences Model of one big travel during holidays; Model of two shorter travels during a year Everything organised earlier from a to z (sights, a route, program etc.); Program decisions made individually and spontaneously; Comfort and passivity; An activity and effort; Expectation of number of travels and attractions; Expectation of new experiences and higher quality; Sense of superiority, demonstration effect; Respect and relationship with hostess; Lack of knowledge about attractions, culture and tradition in visiting areas; Knowledge about countries we want to visit; Imported life style and behaviour; Lifestyle following to an example of local population Purchases; Gifts Noise; Silence; Freely available souvenirs (e.g. a mass production of Eiffel Tower figurines; Individual souvenirs (e.g. photo and picture took individually, private video film) Lack of interest in language of visiting country; Studying local language (at least a few words); Fast transport and frequent moves; Less importance of moving speed; Curiosity; Tact; Expectation of comfort; Comfort is not essential; A distance between client and tourist staff; A good relationship with tourist staff; Source: Ostrowski S., Josta Krippendorfa wolanie o nowa swiatowa polityke turystyczna, in: Problemy Turystyki Nr 3, Instytut Turystyki, Warszawa 1983, p. 146.   In table three there is a vision of which tourism will dominate the future, characterised by a more active tourist and less interest in passive tourism. The prediction is that traditional tourism, refereed to as 3 X S (sun sea and sand) will be squeezed out by tourism based on a new formula involving 3 X E (entertainment, excitement, and education). During recent years there has become intensified interest in travelling to historical cities, the so-called green tourist with additional concern for a tendency in business tourism. Nevertheless it could be halted through the development of telecommunications and shorter but more frequent trips consisting of sightseeing and holiday could become more popular. The useful system of â€Å"bridges† between a national holiday leading to the extension of weekends has brought about a prognosis for a renaissance in national tourism. V.T.C. Middleton claimed that for tourists, who quite often may be ‘experienced, a trend in national to urism may become more attractive now then ever, including the sixties. The smaller interest in international tourism is in the neighbouring countries, or places where many Europeans have had vacation. In 1990 European travel represented about seven percent of all international travel, although this number was up to about ten percent in 1996, and Europeans are not the only ones concerned with these numbers. A poll conducted recently by the Travel Trade Gazette concerning international tourism showed these tendencies in change also pointed to the tourist industry representatives. One director of a travel agency was quoted saying ‘a person who was in Spain ten years ago at present is probably in Penang†6. The quick increase in numbers of individual trips along with package tours is the prediction of the future. Today Individuality has a strong influence on cars, clothes and other daily needs as well, and the gaining interest of individual travel is one of the most important tendencies in todays tourist demands. 6. Conclusion The evolution and transformations in tourism during the last one hundred years must be considered one of the most interesting processes in the recent history of humanity. The changes and evolution of the tourist in the next three decades of the twenty-first century are presented in a table which was made by H.Kahn almost a quarter of a century ago. This shows the unfolding of tourism as we see it today and as the table shows it is gaining momentum.

Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay

Teaching is considered as one of the most exciting and challenging professions (Walden University 2009). It is through teaching that everyone is able to learn the things that they needed for their jobs. Everyone can not be a professional without the people who have the ability to teach. During teaching process, teachers usually experience the pressure when dealing with students who have different cultures, behaviors and attitudes. Therefore, an appropriate teaching plan is necessary to address these differences and to prevent the pressure which can hinder the teacher’s performance. Through a right plan and use of resources, teachers are able to make most out of everything and prepare the students towards their future (Bosch 2006). Classroom is considered as the most important place for both teachers and students. It is the place where students and teachers freely exchange ideas and learn from each other. Â  I believe that an appropriate and effective classroom planning is critical in teaching because it aids in imparting knowledge by making the teachers prepared, confident and comfortable with their profession (Bosch 2006). For me, an effective classroom management planning is not only about establishing rules, rewards and consequences but it is also about the establishment of a mutual relationship between the teacher and the students. If a healthy atmosphere is present, then the teacher will not experience difficulty in teaching and students will learn more. In addition, the learning process is student centered (Walden University 2009). This means that learning is imparted through the application of the things learned through classroom activities and tasks. Rules, consequences and rewards are there to guide the students on proper behavior and etiquette but they are not limited to what is written. It is through the real happenings that rules are applied and exercised by the students. In the end teachers are there to guide the students not only in learning but also in correct behavioral decision making.

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a sequence of events in the life of a cell, including cell division. Cell division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells. This process is used for reproduction, growth, and repair in the body. The cell cycle can be broken down into two parts: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase. Interphase, a growth period, alternates with mitosis and accounts for 90 percent of the cell cycle. During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. This phase can be broken down into 3 sub phases: G1, S, and G2. During the G1 or first gap phase, the cell grows and performs normal metabolic roles, including producing proteins and organelles. During the S phase, which stands for synthesis of DNA, the cell’s chromosomes are copied. Lastly, in the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. This phase of the cell cycle is regulated by stop and go signals called checkpoints, which are located between G1 and S, G2 and M, and M and G1. These make sure that the cell cycle can proceed and is being performed correctly. The hallmark of this phase is that the DNA appears as loosely packed chromatin and the centrioles are together. Centrioles play an important role in animal cell division. They are composed of microtubules which become spindle fibers that guide the movement of chromosomes in mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, which accounts for only 10 percent of the cell cycle. Mitosis can be broken down into five sub phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase; cytokinesis takes place last. In prophase, the chromatin condenses to chromosomes and the two sister chromatid are joined at the centromere. As the centrioles begin to separate, the mitotic spindle, made of microtubules, begins to form and the nucleolus disappears. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane dissolves, which allows the spindle to interact with the chromosomes, although the spindle isn’t fully formed yet. The sister chromatids of the chromosomes develop proteins within the centromeres called kinetochores. These allow the chromosomes to attach to the microtubules of the spindle, which are called kinetochore microtubules. Nonkinetochore microtubules aren’t connected to chromosomes, but they interact with other microtubules rom the other pole of the cell. By metaphase, the centrioles are at the opposite poles of the cell and the spindle is fully formed. The chromosomes, attached to the spindle, move to the middle of the cell and line up at the imaginary metaphase plate. Anaphase begins when the centromeres of the chromosomes split and the chromatid is now a chromosome. The chromosomes begin to move to ward the opposite poles of the cell and the poles move farther apart. In telophase, two daughter nuclei form at the poles of the cell, the nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappears, and the chromosomes unravel. Cytokinesis, the splitting of the cytoplasm, occurs simultaneously as telophase. Two daughter cells appear by the creation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell in two. After mitosis, the cell can grow and mature to divide again like epithelial, blood, and stem cells, or grow and mature to never divide again like brain, nerve, and muscle cells. These cells go to the G0 phase, a non-dividing resting period. Liver cells can be called back from the G0 phase to divide again, which makes the liver the only organ to regenerate. This demonstrates the importance of the cell cycle.

Broken Dreams and Fallen Themes the Corruption of the...

Broken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to expose the corruption growing in the family system present in the novel. Finally, the American longing for status as a citizen is gravely overshot when Gatsby surrounds his life with walls of lies in order to fulfill his desires for an impure dream.†¦show more content†¦In his essay Money, Love, and Aspiration, Roger Lewis discusses the means by which Gatsby amasses his wealth and poisons his dream. Gatsbys money does not smell right- however explicitly tacitly condoned by the denizens of Gatsbys world illegal and shifty means (bootlegging, stolen securities) have been used to make that wealth. Gatsby does not see that the corruption at the base of his fortune in effect compromises his vision of life with Daisy Obviously, Gatsby builds the foundations of his dream upon a structure of crime and deceit thus negating any nobility his dream once had. Throughout the book Gatsby continually throws outlandish parties where scores of people, whether invited or not, attend and revel in his hospitality; he later reveals his purpose in throwing these overly grandiose festivals, when Nick and he are talking after a party which Daisy has just attended. She didnt like it {Gatsby} said immediately...She didnt have a good time (Fitzgerald 116) fully expresses that his entire life at West Egg has been spent in pursuit of a woman who could never possibly fulfill his dream. The 1999 Gatsby project discussed the portrayal of wealth in The Great Gatsby by talking about Gatsbys car as a symbol. The automobile is a major motif that makes a regular appearance in the story. The automobile has always been a kind of status symbol in the United States. Expensive cars are associatedShow MoreRelated Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1438 Words   |  6 Pages Broken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to exposeRead MoreThe Complex Themes Hidden in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1697 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"The great Gatsby† is an inspiring novel written by the famous American author Scott Fitzgerald. The novel was published in 1925. It is regarded as Scott’s supreme achievement and also as a masterwork in American literature, and it’s entirely justified. Its theme is far more complex than a simple love story. It tells about the corruption of the American dream, the broken promise of â€Å"equality for all† and the fact that you can’t be â€Å"whatever you want†. Read MoreTheme Of Morality In The Great Gatsby1541 Words   |  7 Pagesa moral discourse, statement or lesson. In this novel, The Great Gatsby many of the characters could not be classified as truly moral people who exhibit goodness or correctness in their character and behavior. Tom, Daisy, and George all come to mind as the characters that have done the most moral damage throughout the novel. In the end, these individuals show characteristics of moral degradation in society because they cause corruption and lies, which is why they are responsible for the destruction

Creativity Self Test - Business Improvement Strategies Essay

Essays on Creativity Self Test - Business Improvement Strategies Essay The paper â€Å"Creativity Self Test - Business Improvement Strategies" is a breathtaking variant of an essay on management. The creativity aspect is a salient feature in my talent pool. I strongly concur that it is a consistent part of how I undertake my daily duties and responsibilities. I have since mastered a set of creativity skills since I was in middle school which I apply constantly. This has been made possible through learning and implementing advanced creativity techniques with time. With creativity, I have gained in-depth knowledge of areas of my work that demands creativity. I am receptive to team creativity and challenges influencing my way of thinking and equal sharing of rewards. I also like seeing my creative idea from conception to application stage and being aware of my creative uniqueness I apply on a constant basis. However, I am not sure whether time constraints impede creativity at my workplace. My position and role in the organization influence my participatio n and implementation of these ideas since our functional structure limits the inception of ideas by middle-level staff.According to the rating in the appendix section, the score is 85 which means that I am very creative. It is true that highly creative in response to the challenges I encounter, as opposed to it being a skill naturally used in every part of my life. I work at a stock exchange requiring creativity and flexibility in harnessing gains from stocks. I have employed creative skills in my previous assignments like developing a pork breakfast gadget that tells the owner that it is time to wake up. Waking up is a challenge to many people especially in a chilly morning or after a strenuous day. The solution to that problem was developing a gadget that is less costly, reliable and beneficial to many people. The idea was initially thought but brainstorming with colleagues became a broad concept worth trying. Since I have developed many ideas before but failed to take to the impl ementation level, I grew restless in ensuring this excellent idea succeeds. The skills have been part of me and this has made it possible to persuade financiers to fund the project.Brainstorming as an idea creation technique has also assisted in determining whether the given idea was new and feasible. I believe in coming up with incremental and radical concepts. For instance, two years ago, while on an assignment to reduce losses as the stocks department, came up with speculation software that detects levels of risk and turbulence of shares and stocks. Being a junior employee in the company, I was constrained from ensuring the idea materialized. I was able to convince the section head to consider this idea as it would reduce administration costs and increase profits. My mastery of creativity was not hindered by time limitations as I took about six months to convince the manager on the importance of integrating creative works to innovativeness in business. I think I am naturally crea tive and responsive. I admire innovative ideas that have been developed and implemented. I always communicate my ideas effectively by letting others know the wider need and solutions to common problems. I am open to diverse and new dimensions. In the case of Stocks Speculation software, I incorporated my team and was happy to learn of their positive feedback.

Speech In Favor Capital Punishment - 1282 Words

Speech In Favour Of Capital Punishment Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death and has been used in Britain since the 5the century. It was not until 1964 that capital punishment was abolished and this has been described by many historians as Britains worst decision in over 500 years. Along with these Historians, I also believe that our country was much better off with the death penalty as a punishment for sick and twisted people, murderers, rapists and peadophiles. Did you know for instance that in 2003 there were 1048 murders and 172 attributed to one man. . . Harold Shipman. Compare this to 1963 when the death penalty was used as an active deterant to murder, how many? 300. Three hundred murders compared to†¦show more content†¦I hate to bore you with the statistics again but it is true that the threat of a hard punishment is enough to scare without having to carry it out. In the Isle of Man, there was a punishment up until 1975 called birching, a public beating for any crime. The crime rate in the isle of man for 17 years in a row? Less than 2%. A few minor crimes in 17 years. Birching was abolished and now the crime rate in the Isle of Man is sky high, just like the rest of the UK. Proof that if the punishment is severe enough, there wont be a cri me to start with. So will Britain ever restore capital punishment? In a survey of 2000 UK residents 72% would like it re instated. Despite what the government tells us we live in a society of ever rising serious crime and wether we like it or not, something needs to be done. And harder sentencing is not enough. We need a real deterrent, Capital Punishment is the answer to our prayers. Hanging was my familys business for over 14 years and we were honored to protect our country and perhaps in advertantly save lives. I know for a fact that if hanging was re- instated as the quick and painless punishment to kill, i would gladly pull the lever. I am as sure as I can be that capital punishment is the answer. The mandatory life sentence is just not enough. It fails, in my view to distinguish between really awful crimes and those crimes, whilst still murder, are more understandable. Ask yourself, is it right that a serial rapistShow MoreRelatedCompartive Legal Systems Canada vs Usa1691 Words   |  7 PagesDominance over United States Penal System Name: Shenthuran Vijayananthan Teacher: Mrs. Merenda Due Date: Wed. Oct. 26, 2005 Topic: #1 Ââ€" Comparative Legal Systems (Canada vs. USA) Thesis: Canadas criminal justice system, specifically laws dealing with punishment, is far superior to that of the United States Canada and the United States of America are two neighboring countries who besides the border share numerous other key aspects. 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Whistleblowers and the False Claims Act 2012

Question: Describe about the Whistleblowers and the False Claims Act 2012 ? Answer: Key characteristics of whistleblower The whistleblowers are the range of employees present internally and externally in the organisation who takes the responsibility of reporting any misconduct of the supervisors to the other related parties. The number of whistleblowers is decreasing in the public sector organisations. Hence to increase the instances of whistleblowing and reduce the instances of fraudulent activities, the SEC has introduced the award payout system for the whistleblowers within the public sector (Welsh Bayliss, 2012). As per the reports of The Guardian, last year in April 2014, a heart specialist doctor serving at the Walsgrave Hospital in Coventry and a member of the NHS Trust, publicly aired his concerns about the lack of care and rising number of patient deaths in the hospitals. The Whistleblowing doctor expressed his concerns about the lack of post-operative care in NHS and Walsgrave and the concern over the patient safety and overcrowding of patient beds leading to death caused by congestion and breathing problems. As a result, of the Whistleblowing, the doctor was dismissed from NHS trust and hospital services (Campbell, 2014). However, as an effect of the whistleblowing, the Commission for Health Improvement and the NHS trust evaluated the existing operations in the hospitals and were bound to support the actions of the doctor. The allegations and dismissal of the hospital authorities against the doctor cost the hospital 6 million of the public fund (Meese, 2012). Justification of whistle blowing The analysis of the above case shows that the whistleblower was completely justified in his approach of highlighting the issues prevailing within the hospital premises. In the recent case of the reporting by the whistleblowing doctors, the hospital faced the death of two patients due to the lack of post-operative care and congestions of beds leading to inappropriate health conditions. In this case, the doctor was rightful in his approach to notifying the concerns publicly. As per the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act 2005, all hospitals should adopt care and maintain quality services in their conduct of treating the patients within the hospital premises. Kestenbaum, (2012) stated that whistleblowing is important in case of healthcare organisations because, the lack of whistleblowing within the healthcare will result in increased level of corruption that will finally result in the reduction of the dignity and health of the patients in the healthcare organisation. Thus, protec ting the patients from harm and ensuring the dignity of the care, an open and transparent culture should be maintained within the healthcare organisations. Protection under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which is commonly known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act sets out the legislations for the employees of the public limited companies who provide evidence of fraud to the public about the organisation. Section 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act provides the legislations for the protection of the whistleblowers in the public limited companies. Section 1514A of the act further provides the legislations for the civil protection to the employees against their retaliations. The provisions of Section 1514A state that the publicly traded companies cannot dismiss suspend, harass, discharge or demote a whistleblower (Campbell, 2014). For being eligible under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002, the whistleblowers must fulfil the following conditions: The whistleblower should be an employee of a publicly traded company registered under the section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act 1934 The whistleblower must have complained about a senior employee within the organisation believing that a violation of any rule or regulation of the SEC has taken place (Lopez, 2013) The whistleblower can also complain about the grounds of any violation of federal and criminal provisions relating to banks, emails or wire fraud Sarbanes-Oxley Act specifies that whistleblower complaints should be legally made confidential and anonymous so that the company officials should not have any information about the employee who has complained about the supervisors and organisational policies. The incorporation of this legislation further helps the whistleblowers within the organisation to avoid any mistreatments from the employers. Further section 806 of the act states that if the whistleblower is mistreated within the organisation, then the employee may file a complaint with the Department of Labour within 90 days of the mistreatment. If the complaint of the employee against the mistreatment of the organisation becomes successful under the act, then the employee is entitled to receive monetary compensations, reinstatement and damage compensation from the management of the organisation. In the given case, a doctor is also entitled to receive monetary compensation from NHS trust funds for bullying and dismissing the d octor from his services (Azlin Farhat, 2012). References Azlin, K., Farhat, V. (2012).Whistleblowers and the False Claims Act 2012. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute. Campbell, D. (2014).Whistleblowing heart doctor who aired hospital safety fears wins tribunal case.the Guardian. Retrieved 28 July 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/17/legal-victory-heart-doctor-whistleblower-hospital-safety-fears Kestenbaum, N. (2012).Internal investigations, 2012. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute. Lopez, I. (2013).Dog Whistle Politics. Oxford University Press, USA. Meese, T. (2012). Blowing the whistle.Dental Nursing,8(3), 125-125. doi:10.12968/denn.2012.8.3.125 Mutigwe, E. (2013).An Ubuntu/Hunhu Appraisal of the Ethics of Whistle blowing. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Welsh, P., Bayliss, S. (2012). Whistle-blowing explained: to be or not to be a whistle-blower, that is the question.The Veterinary Nurse,3(2), 122-126. doi:10.12968/vetn.2012.3.2.122